摘要
随着工业化和城镇化的进程加快,红树林重金属污染物总量逐年增加,其生态环境保护的压力日渐加大。准确评估同一背景值下广东省红树林有毒金属的现状及潜在生态风险,探讨有毒金属含量的分布特征及其影响因素,对于了解广东省红树林有毒金属污染状况、红树林的生态环境保护等具有重要意义。采集了广州南沙、深圳福田、珠海淇澳岛、湛江附城等4处典型红树林湿地表层沉积物样品,研究分析了广东红树林湿地沉积物中11种有毒金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Cr、Mn、Ni、Co、Ti、V)的含量及分布特征,用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对红树林沉积物有毒金属的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,(1)广州南沙红树林湿地中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、As、Cd含量最高;Mn、Co、V、Ti含量则以珠海淇澳岛最高;深圳、湛江红树林沉积物有毒金属含量低于广州、珠海。(2)广州、珠海红树林沉积物有毒金属综合潜在生态风险分别处于“严重”和“很严重”水平,而深圳、湛江的潜在生态风险为“轻度”水平;广州、珠海红树林沉积物中Cd潜在生态风险分别为“极严重”、“严重”水平。(3)聚类分析结果表明,除Cr、Mn外,其余有毒金属两两之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)关系,表明广东红树林沉积物中多数有毒金属来源相近,具有同源性;多数有毒金属含量与TP、TOC呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与pH值呈显著负相关(P<0.05),红树林沉积物中TP、TOC含量越高,pH值越低,沉积物中有毒金属含量越高。(4)主成分分析结果表明,不同研究区域有毒金属来源各异:广州以城市和工业污水的排放污染为主,深圳主要受河流带来的陆源污染影响,珠海淇澳岛受外源污染影响较大,湛江则多源于城市生产废水和生活污水的排放。
With the development of industurialization and urbanization,the total amount of heavy metal pollutants in mangrove sediments is increasing year by year,causing more and more pressure on ecological environment.It is important to accurately evaluate the status and potential ecological risks of the toxic metals in mangroves under the same background to protect the mangrove resource in Guangdong Province,and it is also important to explore their distribution characteristics and the corresponding factors.Surface sediments of four mangrove wetlands from Guangzhou Nansha,Shenzhen Futian,Zhuhai Qi’ao Island and Zhanjiang Fucheng were collected.The contents of 11 toxic metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,As,Cr,Mn,Ni,Co,Ti and V)in sediments were analyzed and their ecological risks were evaluated using Hakanson potential ecological risk index method.The results were:(1)The contents of Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,Ni,As,Cd in sediments from Guangzhou were the highest ones,while the contents of Mn,Co,V and Ti in sediments from Zhuhai were higher than the others.(2)The comprehensive ecological risks of the toxic metals in sediments from Guangzhou and Zhuhai were in“heavy”and“heavier”level respectively,while the potential ecological risks in sediments from Shenzhen and Zhanjiang were at a low level.The potential ecological risk of Cd in sediments from Guangzhou and Zhuhai was at“very severe”and“severe”level respecitively.(3)The cluster analysis results revealed that significant correlations existed between the contents of toxic metals except Cr and Mn in the sediments(P<0.05),indicating the homologous sources.The contents of most toxic metals were positively correlated with TP or TOC(P<0.05),while negatively correlated with pH(P<0.05).The higher TP or TOC content and the lower pH value,with the higher the toxic metal content in the sediments were also found.And(4)principal component analysis speculated that the sources of toxic metals in different sediments were:the toxic metalsin sediments of Guangzhou was moslty from urban and industrial wastewater discharge,while the toxic metals in sediments of Shenzhen was mainly by land-based pollution from rivers,however,the toxic metals in sediments of Zhuhai was mostly from external pollution and Zhanjiang was mostly derived from the discharge of urban production wastewater and domestic sewage.
作者
张起源
秦颖君
刘香华
周雯
刘谞承
赵建刚
ZHANG Qiyuan;QIN Yingjun;LIU Xianghua;ZHOU Wen;LIU Xucheng;ZHAO Jiangang(Department of Ecology,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510655,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期183-191,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
水体污染控制与治理国家科技重大专项（2018ZX07601-002）
科技部基础资源调查专项（2018FY10020004）
环境保护部华南环境科学研究所公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（PM-zx703-201803-050）
广东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S201910559065
CX2019040）
作者简介
张起源(1995年生),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为湿地污染生态学。E-mail:1158370679@qq.com;通信作者:刘谞承(1982年生),男,博士,主要从事环境生态学研究。E-mai:liuxucheng@scies.org;通信作者:赵建刚(1978年生),男,博士,主要从事环境生态学研究。E-mai:zhjg@jnu.edu.cn。
