摘要
为了解高位虾池养殖导致的环境影响,对海口市东营镇3种类型养殖虾池底泥0~5 cm(t1)、5~10 cm(t2)、10~15 cm(t3)和15~20 cm(t4)中总氮(TN)、总碳(TC)和有机碳(TOC)的含量进行分析。结果表明:高位虾池废水的渗透,最终导致虾池围堤外侧土壤中TC、TOC、TN含量分别比虾池所在地的背景值高出5.66、6.95和2.49倍;养殖水体中饵料及对虾排泄物在虾池底泥中的富积,导致底泥中的TC、TOC和TN含量高于背景值7.36、8.68和4.41倍;底部铺沙的虾池底泥中TN、TC和TOC的含量基本上是表层含量最高,且高于深层土2~27倍;底部铺水泥的虾池,裂缝处的TN、TC和TOC的含量则是第三层土的最高,呈现t3>t1>t2>t4;虾池围堤外侧TN、TC和TOC的含量从表层向深层呈明显递减规律;排废水后未清洗的虾池表层底泥及养殖期间饵料及虾粪残留物中的TOC和TN超标较严重,其中排废水后未清洗的虾池表层底泥有机氮和有机指数评级为Ⅲ中度污染和Ⅱ轻度污染,而养殖期间的饵料及虾粪残留物的有机氮和有机指数评级均为Ⅳ重度污染;虾池围堤外侧土的有机指数评级为Ⅲ中度污染,而有机氮评级则为Ⅳ重度污染;虾池底泥中的C∶N偏低,有利于残余在底泥的饵料和生物排泄物形成腐殖质,而腐殖质如不能及时清理,则会导致养殖水体水质恶化。
To clarify the environmental impacts of higher-place shrimp pond aquaculture,we analyzed the concentrations of total nitrogen(TN),total carbon(TC),and total organic carbon(TOC)in the sediments sampled from three types of shrimp aquaculture in the Dongying Town of Haikou City.The sediments were sampled from four layers:0-5 cm(t1),5-10 cm(t2),10-15 cm(t3),and 15-20 cm(t4).The concentrations of TC,TOC,TN in the soil outside the embankment of shrimp ponds were 5.66,6.95 and 2.49 times higher than that of shrimp ponds,respectively,a phenomenon caused by the infiltration of wastewater from the higher-place shrimp ponds.Additionally,the concentrations of TC,TOC and TN in the sediments were 7.36,8.68 and 4.41 times higher than the background value,which was caused by accumulation of baits and shrimp excrement.The concentrations of TN,TC and TOC in the sediments of the bottom auxiliary sand were the highest in the surface layer and 2 to 27 times higher than that in the deep soil.In the bottom auxiliary cement shrimp pond,the concentrations of TN,TC and TOC in the crack were the highest in the third layer of soil,showing a trend of t3>t1>t2>t4.The concentrations of TN,TC and TOC on the outer side of shrimp pond dike showed a significant decrease from the surface layer to the deep layer.The TOC and TN in the surface sediments in shrimp ponds and the residues of bait and shrimp dung during culture were seriously exceeded the standard after the discharge of wastewater.The organic nitrogen and organic index of surface sediments of the unwashed shrimp pond after draining wastewater were classified as III moderate pollution andⅡmild pollution,while both organic nitrogen and organic index of the bait and shrimp manure residues during the culture were classified as IV heavy pollution.The organic index in the lateral soil of the shrimp ponds embankment was III moderate pollution,while organic nitrogen rating was IV heavy pollution.The C∶N ratio in the sediments of the shrimp pond was low,which was conducive for the formation of humus stemmed from residual baits and biological excretions in sediments.If humus is not cleaned in time,it will reduce aquaculture water quality.
作者
王子爱
唐少霞
陈珂珂
傅雨萱
郑苗
杨春燕
WANG Zi-ai;TANG Shao-xia;CHEN Ke-ke;FU Yu-xuan;ZHENG Miao;YANG Chun-yan(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期635-644,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(41361108)后续研究基金
海南省重点地理学科项目资助.
关键词
高位虾池
沉积物
碳氮含量
污染风险
higher-place shrimp pond
sediment
carbon and nitrogen concentration
pollution risk
作者简介
通讯作者:唐少霞,E-mail:519635162@qq.com;王子爱,女,1995年生,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为生态环境及资源开发利用。E-mail:wangzai713@126.com
