摘要
从2021年开始,我国陆上风电项目将全面实行平价上网。随着风电行业技术成本、发电成本的逐步降低,上网电价具备下调条件,国家制定了一系列政策对风电上网电价进行调整,目前已从最初的0.51~0.61元/(kW·h)降为0.29~0.47元/(kW·h),为实现平价上网打下了良好的基础。上网电价水平在一定程度上反映了风电行业的发展状态。预计在平价上网来临之前,风电行业还会掀起新一轮抢装潮,由此带来的新一轮弃风限电问题或将无法避免,同时还可能带来机组质量问题。平价上网会迫使企业将重点放到降低工程造价、提升存量机组效率上,不过短期内降低成本的确存在客观困难。另外,环境保护与风电发展之间的矛盾仍未化解,这是必须面对和解决的大问题。在即将迈入"平价时代"之际,希望国家能够通过政策的合理制定,为行业的健康可持续发展营造良好的外部环境,一是杜绝地方保护主义、产业换资源等现象,从而降低非技术成本;二是要依据资源禀赋、技术水平等因素平稳有序推进各地区平价上网,避免"一刀切"。风电行业要进一步优化产业布局,形成集中式、分散式开发并举的局面,加快"走出去"的步伐;加强技术创新与产业链协同,努力提升机组的可靠性、经济性与高效性。
China will start implementing grid parity for onshore wind power projects from 2021.With the gradual reduction of technology cost and power generation cost in the wind power industry,the feed-in tariffs are ready to be lowered.China has formulated a series of policies to adjust the feed-in tariffs of wind pow-er,which has been reduced from the initial 0.51-0.61 yuan/kWh to 0.29-0.47 yuan/kWh,laying a good foundation for the implementation of grid parity.The feed-in tariff level reflects the development status of the wind power industry to a certain extent.It is expected that a new round of wind power installation rush will be aroused prior to the implementation of grid parity,the resulting new round of wind power curtailment will be inevitable,and the quality problems of wind turbines may also be caused.Grid parity will force the enterprises to focus on reducing project cost and improving the efficiency of stock wind turbines.However,there are objective difficulties in reducing costs in the short term.In addition,the contradiction between environmental protection and wind power development has not yet been resolved.This is a major problem that must be faced and solved.At the time of entering the era of grid parity,it is suggested that China should create a good external environment for the healthy and sustainable development of the wind power industry through the ratio-nal formulation of policies.First,the local protectionism and the trading of the industry for resources should be eliminated,so as to reduce non-technical cost.Secondly,the implementation of grid parity should be promoted steadily and orderly in all regions based on the factors such as resource endowment and technology level,avoiding the one-size-fits-all.The wind power industry should further optimize the industrial layout,simultaneously carry out centralized and decentralized development of wind power,accelerate the pace of going global,strengthen technological innovation and industrial chain coordination,and strive to improve the reliability,economics and efficiency of wind turbines.
作者
刘超
Liu Chao(China Datang Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100033)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2019年第11期10-15,共6页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
平价上网
风电
弃风限电
机组可靠性
降低成本
产业链协同
grid parity
wind power
wind power curtailment
reliability of wind turbines
cost reduction
industrial chain coordination
作者简介
刘超,工程师,2016年毕业于华北电力大学机械工程专业,硕士研究生学历,先后从事电力环保技术研发、协助政策研究工作,目前协助企业改革工作。E-mail:mysglory@126.com。
