摘要
该文针对首批公布的100首经典名方中存在的剂量问题进行探讨,主要针对《伤寒论》涉及的剂量单位进行探讨。剂量涉及3个方面:质量单位、容积单位及长度单位,容积单位、长度单位基本上没有争议,存在较多问题的是质量单位。通过文献考据、实测数据及国家计量总局出土文物进行推算,明确了汉代度量衡产生的依据,那就是黍。质量衡制度为"铢两"制,度量质量时用的黍米的质量,"1两=24铢=240絫=2400黍"。容量衡制度为"升合"制,度量容积时用的黍米的体积,即"1升=10合=20龠=24000黍"。度量长度时用的是黍米的宽度,"1尺=10寸=100分=100黍"。同时,明确了《伤寒论》中剂量单位与现代剂量的换算关系,即"1斤=250 g,1两=15.625 g,1铢=0.65 g","1合=20 m L,1升=200 m L","1尺=23 cm,1寸=2.3 cm"。通过研究发现,汉代表示质量的质量衡是"黍米制",即以"黍米"为基准,这就为解决经典名方中存在的质量争议问题提供了有力的钥匙。通过文献考证及实物测试相结合的方法可以更快的消除争议,在质量问题上形成"专家共识"。《伤寒论》中药物剂量的明确,可以为临证制方提供方便,同时为经典名方开发提供剂量依据。
This article aimed to discuss,the dosage problems in the first 100 published classic prescriptions,mainly on the dosage units involved in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.The dosage units were mainly classified into three types:weight unit,volume unit and length unit.The volume unit and length unit are basically not controversial.The weight unit is more problematic.Through textual research,measured data and the calculation by State Administration of Taxation on unearthed cultural relics,the basis for the weights and measures in the Han Dynasty was clarified,namely glutinous rice(Shu).The Zhu-Liang system was adopted for weight measurement,and the weight of glutinous rice(Shu)was used to measure the weight of others,"1 Liang=24 Zhu=240 Lei=2400 Shu".Sheng-He system was adopted for volume measurement,and the volume of the glutinous rice(Shu)was used to measure the volume of others,"1 Sheng=10 He=20 Yue=24000 Shu".The width of the glutinous rice(Shu)was used to measure the length,"1 Chi=10 Cun=100 Fen=100 Shu".At the same time,the conversion relationship between ancient dosage units in Treatise on Febrile Diseases and modern dosage units was clarified in this paper,"1 Jin=250 g,1 Liang=15.625 g,1 Zhu=0.65 g","1 He=20 m L,1 Sheng=200 m L","1 Chi=23 cm,1 Cun=2.3 cm".Through research,it is found that the weight measurement in the Han Dynasty was"glutinous rice system",which was based on"glutinous rice",providing a powerful key to solve the weight disputes in the classic prescriptions.Through the combination of textual research and physical testing,disputes can be eliminated more quickly,and an"expert consensus"can be formed on the weight issues.The definite drug dosage in Treatise on Febrile Diseases can provide convenience for the clinical prescription system,and provide a dose basis for the development of the classic preparations.
作者
杜茂波
DU Mao-bo(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第22期5012-5016,共5页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家中医药管理局项目(ZZYZK2012)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-052,ZZ13-YQ-108)
关键词
伤寒论
黍米
铢两制
升合制
经典名方
Treatise on Febrile Diseases
glutinous rice
Zhu-Liang system
Sheng-He system
classic preparations
作者简介
通信作者:杜茂波,博士,助理研究员,主要从事中药制剂及外用新剂型研究,E-mail:mbdu@icmm.ac.cn。
