摘要
河流水权确权是水资源高效利用的重要措施。基于Hydro30全球高精度河网,以青海省县级行政单元为基本确权单元,提出了确权单元多年平均径流量、多年平均生态环境需水量、未来需水量预测、用水总量控制红线划定等计算和分配方法。首次将河流生态环境需水量分为河流最小生态环境需水量和河流适宜生态环境需水量;利用分解比例法和需水量调节法划定了确权单元用水总量控制红线;基于用水总量控制红线、未来需水量、河流水资源可利用量和地下水取水量确定了确权单元的取水权;确权单元内各条河流的取水权根据尊重历史用水与现状用水原则、生态公平原则、公平与效率原则、可持续利用原则、优化配置原则等综合确定。对于河流自产水量不能满足用水需求的确权单元,在取水量上限为用水总量控制红线的前提下,确权单元可以利用流域内上游过境水。获得了青海省46个确权单元2020年和2030年河流最大取水权和适宜取水权(以西宁市河流水权确权为例)。首次在县级单元对河流取水权进行了确权,可为其他地区河流水权确权提供借鉴。
River water rights determination is an important measure for efficient use of water resources.Based on the Hydro30 high-precision global river network,and the county-level administrative unit of Qinghai Province as the basic confirmation unit for water rights.The calculation and allocation method of the annual average runoff,the annual average ecological and environmental water requirement,the water requirement forecast,and the control red line of the total water consumption were proposed.For the first time,the river ecological and environmental water requirement were divided into the minimum river ecological water demand and the river′s suitable ecological environment water demand.The control red line of the total water consumption at the county-level was determined using decomposition ratio method and water requirement adjustment method.Based on the control red line of the total water consumption,future water requirement,the available river water resources and groundwater,the county-level water-taking rights were determined.The county-level river water-taking rights were determined by respecting historical water use and current water use principles,ecological equity principles,fairness and efficiency principles,sustainable use principles,and optimal allocation principles.For the confirmation unit that the river′s self-produced water quantity cannot meet the water demand,the confirmation unit could use the upstream transit water in the basin,but the upper limit of water withdrawal was still the control red line of the total water consumption.The maximum and suitable river water-taking rights of 46 allocation unit in Qinghai Province in 2020 and 2030 were obtained(for example,the river water rights in Xining City).For the first time,river water-taking right was confirmed and allocated in county-level units,which can provide reference for the determination of river water rights in other regions.
作者
商放泽
韩京成
黄跃飞
魏加华
辜晓原
SHANG Fangze;HAN Jingcheng;HUANG Yuefei;WEI Jiahua;GU Xiaoyuan(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing100084,China;PowerChina Eco-environmental Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen518102,China;Water Research Center,Graduate School at Shenzhen,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen518055,China)
出处
《南水北调与水利科技》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第5期1-10,43,共11页
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology
基金
中国博士后科学基金（2017M610906）
国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0403600）~~
关键词
水权确权
分配
河流
水资源
生态环境需水量
流域
water rights confirmation
allocation
river
water resources
ecological and environmental water requirement
watershed
作者简介
商放泽(1988-),男,云南大理人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事水资源与水环境方面研究。E-mail:shangfangze@126.com;通讯作者:黄跃飞(1973-),男,江苏南通人,教授,博士,主要从事水文水资源与水环境方面研究。E-mail:yuefeihuang@tsinghua.edu.cn。
