摘要
【目的】研究设施内不同土壤管理模式对提升地温及春季葡萄生长发育的影响,以期为葡萄设施栽培提供理论及技术支持。【方法】以2 a(年)生酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(Vitis vinifera‘Cabernet Sauvigon’)/3309M嫁接苗为试材,进行"裙膜"覆盖、地膜覆盖和起垄栽培,以平地裸露栽培为对照的土壤管理模式,研究其对设施内地温、土壤理化性状及春季葡萄生长发育的影响。【结果】设施地温明显滞后于气温,无论晴天还是阴天,地温明显滞后于气温2 h左右,"裙膜"覆盖后仅滞后于气温1 h左右,升温更快。"裙膜"覆盖的地温比对照提高1.2~1.5℃,比垄栽提高1.1~2.4℃,黑地膜覆盖效果与其相当。在2017年12月-2018年2月期间,设施内环境温度大于10℃的时间共计888 h(折合37 d),对照地温大于10℃的时间共计1385 h(58 d),起垄共计1197 h(50 d),黑色地膜覆盖共计1501 h(62.5 d),而"裙膜"覆盖后共计高达1510 h(63 d),持续时间长。第45天测定,与对照相比,"裙膜"处理的土壤相对含水量显著增加23.9%,土壤容重显著降低16.7%,土壤孔隙度则显著提高19.8%。与对照相比,"裙膜"处理的‘赤霞珠’葡萄根和芽中,生长素合成及转运基因的表达量都明显上调,外在表现为发芽期显著提前7~10 d,展叶期提前5~7 d,根系生长量比对照显著增加了32.9%,根系活力提高了13.8%。对发芽效果(时间及整齐度)来说,"裙膜"覆盖效果最好,黑地膜覆盖及起垄栽培效果次之。【结论】"裙膜"覆盖可以显著提高设施地温,有效改善土壤紧实度及土壤通气性,并有助于保持土壤含水量,提早葡萄发芽进程,促进春季葡萄生长发育。
【Objective】To study the effects of different soil management modes in the greenhouse on the improvement of rhizospheric temperature and the growth and development of grapes in the spring,aiming to provide theoretical and technical support for viticulture in greenhouse.【Methods】The grafted seedlings of 2 years old wine grape‘Cabernet Sauvigon’(Vitis vinifera L.)/3309 M were used as test materials.The planting space was 1.5 m×0.7 m.The test was set to 4 treatments,namely"tent"cover,ridging cultivation,plastic film mulching and the ground cultivation control.【Results】The root zone temperature obviously delayed behind the air temperature in the greenhouse.Whether it was sunny or cloudy,the root zone temperature delayed behind air temperature for about 2 hours,and the root zone temperature of"tent"cover treatment only delayed for about 1 hour.The root zone temperature of the"tent"cover was higher than that of the ground cultivation about 1.2℃to 1.5℃,and the root zone temperature of the ridging cultivation increased by 1.1℃to 2.4℃,the effects of plastic film cover was the same as"tent"cover.Different effects of different management modes on improving the soil structures were found.The soil bulk of the"tent"cover and the ridging cultivation were decreased obviously,compared with that of the flat cultivation control.The plastic film cover had no significant difference,while the change trend of the soil porosity and the bulk density was opposite,after measured the soil porosity of"tent"cover and ridging cultivation,they significantly increased by 19.8%and 20.9%compared with the flat cultivation,the soil porosity of the plastic film cover was only 5.2%greater than that of the flat cultivation control.Mulching was also helpful for retaining soil moisture.On the 45 days after treatment,compared with that of the flat cultivation,the relative water content of soil under"tent"and the plastic film cover significantly increased by 23.9%and 23.5%,but there was no significant difference between them.The ridging cultivation was not conducive to water retention,and the soil water content was 16.9%lower than that of the"tent"cover.Soil oxygen diffusion rate and soil respiration intensity increased rapidly after the"tent"was covered.Especially,when sharp cooling occurred(the 30 th days),a higher root zone microenvironment temperature was maintained after the"tent"was covered,the soil respiration intensity decreased by only 20%compared with the previous peak,while that of the flat control decreased by 77.8%.With the extension of treatment the ground temperature gradually increased,and the soil enzyme activity also showed an increasing trend,and the effects of"tent"was particularly significant.When the root zone temperature reached the temperature of root germination,the activity of the underground part was accelerated,the ability of root to absorb water increased,the water content of upward transportation increased,and the relative water content of branches increased.Compared with the control,on the 45 th days,in the‘Cabernet Sauvignon’roots and buds covered by the"tent",both the expressions of auxin synthesis-related genes(YUC1,YUC2,YUC6)and transporter genes(PIN1,PIN2,PIN3)were significantly up-regulated.The"tent"cover effectively increased the ground temperature and promoted the growth of grape root system,and the auxin content in grape root system significantly increased.The germination period was 7-10 d earlier than that of the flat cultivation control,and the leaf development period was 5 d to 7 d earlier than that of the flat cultivation control.The grapes grew neatly,and the root growth significantly increased by 32.9%compared with the control,and the root activity increased by 13.8%.For germination effects(time and uniformity),the effecs of the"tent"were the best,followed by the plastic film cover and the cultivation.【Conclusion】"Tent"cover could significantly improve the root zone temperature in the greenhouse,effectively improved soil compactness and aeration,and help to maintain soil moisture content,advance the germination process of grapes,and promote the growth and development of grapes in the spring.
作者
王辉
傅彩琦
姜亦文
杜远鹏
翟衡
WANG Hui;FU Caiqi;JIANG Yiwen;DU Yuanpeng;ZHAI Heng(College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期1505-1514,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
山东省重大科技创新工程（2018CXG0306）
山东省公益性重点研发计划（2017GNC13112）
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-29）
教育部“长江学者和创新团队发展计划”项目（IRT15R42）
关键词
葡萄
设施
地温
滞后
裙膜
物候期
Grapes
Greenhouse
Root zone temperature
Delayed
Tent
Phenological period
作者简介
王辉,男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事果树栽培生理研究。Tel:18706382806,E-mail:1924412287@qq.com;通信作者:翟衡,Tel:0538-8241335,E-mail:zhaih@sdau.edu.cn。
