摘要
“全政府”是源自组织学和公共行政管理的组织原则,主张汇集相关职能组织资源,通过各组织间的协调、合作及联合行动,共同应对公共政策领域的复杂问题。“全政府”在实践中的具体应用主要体现为各种跨部门组织,独立财政资源和团队精神是确保其绩效的重要因素。为应对日趋复杂的国家安全挑战,九一一事件以来,美国国家安全界不断将“全政府”应用于国家安全体制,在该体制运行机制的行动计划及战术—实地实施层面以各种跨部门组织应对特定安全挑战。奥巴马政府时期,国家安全界以小布什政府的经验为基础,将“全政府”在国家安全体制中的应用发展到较为成熟的水平,在行动计划层面完全形成以华盛顿、海外战斗司令部和本土各“融合中心”为结点的“全政府”网络,为特朗普政府执政后国家安全界将“全政府”继续应用于国家安全体制奠定了坚实基础。在小布什及奥巴马执政时期,美国政府试图为确保“全政府”在国家安全体制中的应用绩效提供制度保障,取得了一些成就,但特朗普执政以来,美国政府在这方面的努力陷入停滞。
“Whole-of-Government” is an organizing principle originating from organizational theory and pubic administration practices, which embraces pooling resources of concerned functional organizations and dealing with complex problems in the public policy domain through cooperation, collaboration, and united action.“Whole-of-Government” has been applied in the public administration in the form of inter-agency organizations or cross-functional teams, and independent financial resources and team spirit are the necessary factors for guaranteeing the performance of these organizations and teams. Since 9/11 terrorist attacks, in order to deal with more and more complex national security challenges, the U.S. national security community has been applying “Whole-of-Government” to the U.S. national security system, tackling concrete challenges through inter-agency organizations at both the operational planning level and the tactic-field level in the operating mechanism of the U.S. national security system. During the Obama presidency, based on the experiences accumulated in the George W. Bush presidency, the U.S. national security community has promoted the applications “Whole-of-Government” in the national security system. Washington, D.C., overseas combat commands, and homeland “fusion centers” have become significant “Whole-of-Government” network nodes at the operational planning level, laying solid foundations for the national security community to continue applying “Whole-of-Government” in the Trump presidency. In both the George W. Bush presidency and the Obama presidency, the U.S. government has tried to provide some institutional arrangements to guarantee the performance of “Whole-of-Government” applications, and has got some achievements. Since Donald Trump became the U.S. president, however, the U.S. government has done nothing in terms of guaranteeing the performance of “Whole-of-Government” applications.
作者
张帆
Zhang Fan(Institute of American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第8期62-95,157,158,共36页
World Economics and Politics
关键词
"全政府"
美国国家安全体制
行动计划层面
战术-实地实施层面
应用绩效
Whole-of-Government
U.S. national security system
operational planning level
tactic-field level
application performance
作者简介
张帆,中国社会科学院美国研究所研究员。(北京邮编:100720).
