摘要
自1799年为镇压白莲教起事而首次大规模推行团练至1861年与太平天国激烈对抗中撤回"督办团练大臣",在地方官与在籍绅士谁来掌握办团主导权的问题上,清廷的态度经历了从"官办"-"官督绅办"-"绅督绅办"-"官办"的轮回。办团模式在官绅之间游移的背后,是清廷为实现"官绅联为一气"、最大限度地发挥团练功效而不断调适官绅关系的努力。而其最终放弃在籍绅士办团,而将团练改归官办,乃源于始终无法解决双方在办团过程中产生的对团务、军务以及一般地方公事均构成严重妨害的"事权"之争。准确把握嘉道咸同年间历次统治危机时期清廷采用的办团模式及其决策背景,当有助于增进对于晚清时期国家的社会动员策略与地方权力结构互动的理解。
From 1799 when T’uan-lien was first massively carried out in order to suppress the White Lotus Rebellion,to1861 when the Qing court recalled the T’uan-lien commissioners in the fierce confrontation with Taiping troops,the attitude of the Qing court towards the question of who would hold the leading position in the T’uan-lien,the local officials or the local gentry,experienced the cycle of changing from "official host"to"official supervise-gentry host",then to"gentry supervise-gentry host",and then back to "official host".The reason why the model of organizing T’uan-lien constantly changed was that the Qing court wanted to make the T’uan-lien play its maximum efficacy and coordinate the relations between the officials and the gentry.Finally,the Qing court gave up the local gentry and turned the model of organizing T’uan-lien into official host.The reason was it couldn’t solve the jurisdictional disputes between these two parties in the process of organizing T’un-lien,which not only jeopardized T’uan-lien,but also handicapped military and local affairs.Accurately grasping the different models of organizing T’un-Lien and their decision-making backgrounds during the rule crisis which lasted from the reign of Jiaqing to the reign of Tongzhi can help us understand the interaction between the social mobilization strategy and the local power structure of the late Qing dynasty.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第7期48-59,共12页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“晚清团练大臣研究”(13BZS046)
国家民委第四批“中青年英才培养计划项目”
关键词
团练办理模式
在籍绅士
地方官
官督绅办
绅督绅办
model of organizing T’uan-lien
local gentry
local officials
official supervise-gentry host
gentry supervise-gentry host
作者简介
崔岷,历史学博士,中央民族大学历史文化学院教授.北京,100081.
