摘要
为了改善铝粉的表面氧化,提高其对含能材料热分解的催化作用,以电爆炸铝粉和二水合氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)为原料,利用置换反应法,实现了纳米铜粒子在铝粉表面的快速沉积,制备了包覆均匀的Cu/Al复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)等对其结构和形貌进行了表征。在不同的升温速率下测试了Cu/Al复合材料与黑索今(RDX)(质量比1∶5)混合物的DSC曲线。计算了该混合物热分解反应的动力学参数。结果表明,电爆炸铝粉表面的氧化层通过氟化铵的刻蚀作用被剥离,复合材料含有单质铝和单质铜晶相,无氧化铜及氧化铝晶相,纳米级铜颗粒均匀包覆在铝粉表面,复合材料粒径为200~500nm。加入Cu/Al复合材料后,RDX的初始分解温度和分解峰温分别降低8.51℃和26.43℃,分解热提高296J·g^-1,热分解活化能降低19.19kJ·mol^-1,表明Cu/Al复合材料可促进RDX的热分解行为。
To improve the surfaceoxidation of aluminum powder,and the catalytic effect on thethermal decomposition of energy materials,using electric explosive aluminum powder and copper chloride dihydrate(CuCl2·2H2O)as raw materials,the rapid deposition of nano-copper particles on the surface of aluminum powder was realized and the uniform coated Cu/Al composite was prepared by displacement method,in which nano-sized copper particles was made to cover the surface of aluminum powder. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),etc. DSC curves of the mixture of Cu/Al composite and RDX(mass ratio as 1∶5)at different heating rates were measured. The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition reaction of the mixture were calculated. Results show that the oxide layer on the surface of electric explosive alu- minum powder is stripped by the etching of ammonium fluoride. The composite material contains simple substance aluminum and simple substancecopper crystallinephase,but no copper oxide and aluminacrystalline phases. Nano-sized copper particles are uniformly coated on the surface of aluminum powder andthe particle diameterof the composite is 200-500 nm. After the addition of Cu/Al composite,the initial decomposition temperature and peak temperature of RDX decrease by 8.51 ℃ and 26.43 ℃ respectively,the heat of decomposition increases by 296 J·g^-1,and the activation energy of thermal decomposition decreases by 19.19 kJ·mol^-1,indicating that Cu/Al composite can promote the thermal decomposition behaviorof RDX .
作者
姚冰洁
郑晓东
吕英迪
唐望
姜俊
邱少君
YAO Bing-jie;ZHENG Xiao-dong;Lü Ying-di;TANG Wang;JIANG Jun;QIU Shao-jun(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)
出处
《含能材料》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第7期616-621,I0007,共7页
Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials
作者简介
姚冰洁(1986-),女,助理研究员,主要从事含能材料制备研究。e-mail:yaobingjiestar@163.com;通信联系人:邱少君(1971-),男,研究员,主要从事含能材料制备及应用研究。e-mail:qiu_shaojun@163.com.
