摘要
羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)因其开放粗犷的栽培模式以及特殊的子囊果结构,容易招致多种害虫和环境中微生物的侵袭。认识和了解羊肚菌栽培过程中的病虫害发生规律是防治的前提。基于羊肚菌栽培的田间调查和病虫害研究,结合其它食用菌的病虫害防控策略,描述了羊肚菌栽培中常见的虫害(蜗牛、蛞蝓、跳虫、蚊蝇、蛾类幼虫、马陆和甲螨)、两种细菌性病害(软腐病和红体病)和3种常见的真菌性病害[长孢卵单隔孢霉(Diploospora longispora)、镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)和蛛网病]的为害特征和发病规律,并提出了防控这些病虫害的措施:羊肚菌栽培播种前要对土壤进行预处理,通过施加石灰、曝晒、焖棚、水淹等措施可有效降低土壤中的病虫害基数;对正在发生的病虫害,可通过诱捕和病原物隔离的方法进行防控;在整个栽培过程中,要结合羊肚菌的生活习性,营造最适宜羊肚菌生长发育的环境条件,通过提高羊肚菌的“自身健康”来增强其抗性。
Morchella mushrooms are apt to be attacked by various pests and microorganisms because of their open and rough field cultivation mode and special ascocarp structure. Understanding the occurrence pattern of diseases and pests in morel field cultivation is the basis of prevention and control. Based on the field investigation and disease studies, combining with the disease and pest control strategies of other mushrooms, the common pathogenesis including pests (e.g. snails, slugs, springtail, sciarid, flies, wood moth larvae, millipede and oribatid) and diseases (bacterial diseases such as soft rot and ascocarp redness, and three common fungal diseases Diploospora longispora, Fusarium spp. and cobweb diseases) in morel field cultivation were described and analyzed. The countermeasures for prevention and control of pests and diseases were provided. The land should be pre-treated before seeding through lime usage, sun exposure, braise shed, long time flooding and other measures, in order to reduce the number of pests and pathogens effectively. Diseases and pests that are occurring could be prevented by trapping and pathogen isolation strategies. In the whole cultivation process, the most suitable environment should be created for the growth and development of morels in accordance with their growth habits, therefore enhancing the disease resistance by improving their own health conditions.
作者
刘伟
蔡英丽
何培新
马晓龙
边银丙
LIU Wei;CAI Yingli;HE Peixin;MA Xiaolong;BIAN Yinbing(Institute of Applied Mycology, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China;Institute of Vegetable, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan , Hubei 430345 , China;School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou , Henan 450001 , China)
出处
《食用菌学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期128-134,I0002-I0004,共8页
Acta Edulis Fungi
基金
湖北省科技创新重点项目(2016ABA100)
行业(农业部)科学技术计划(201503107)
作者简介
刘伟(1984-),男,在读博士,助理研究员,主要从事食用菌遗传育种研究;通信作者:边银丙,E-mail:bianyb.123@163.com.
