摘要
张载"为生民立命"的命题涉及两方面需要解决的问题:一是如何认定其异文,二是如何解读其思想。这一命题既有对孔孟命论的传承,也有对儒家命论的创新。张载"为生民立命"的"命",与孟子"修身以俟之所以立命"的"命"一样,都不再指天的命令,而是指人的命运。他受孟子划分"正命"与"非正命"的影响,第一次把人的命运分为"德命"与"气命",认为对这两种不同层次的命运都应当予以安立,但格外强调要以"德命"驾驭"气命"。张载的"立命"观是沿着孟子所开辟的方向立说的,但孟子仅着眼于士人君子的修身"立命",而张载则要为社会大众"立命",即为民众确立命运的道德价值方向,使民众能够据以做出正确抉择,从而掌控自己的命运,赋予生活以意义。
The so-called proposition of"setting life for people"by Zhang Zai,,involves two problems to be solved:one is how to identify his different article,the other is that how to interpret his thought.This proposition not only inherits the destiny theory from Confucius and Mencius,but also innovates Confucian destiny theory.The"destiny"in Zhang Zai's proposition of"setting life for people"has the same meaning as that in Mencius'theory of"setting life because of cultivatingourselves",both of which no longer refer to the order of Heaven,but the destiny of human beings.Under the influence of Mencius'proposition of"normal destiny"and"non-normal destiny",Zhang Zai divides human destiny into"moral destiny"and"qi destiny"for the first time,thinking that the two different levels of destiny should both be settled,but special emphasis should be placed on the use of"moral life"to control"qi destiny".The proposition of Zhang Zai'"setting life"is set up along the direction pioneered by Mencius,who focuses only on the self-cultivation of scholars and gentlemen,while Zhang Zai aims to"set life"for the general public,establishing the moral valuable direction,which can lead people to make right choices,thus,controlling their own destiny and giving meaning to life.
作者
林乐昌
LIN Le-chang(School of Philosophy and Government,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)
出处
《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期10-13,共4页
Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AZX012)
作者简介
林乐昌,男,山东威海人,陕西师范大学哲学与政府管理学院教授,博士生导师,从事中国哲学研究。
