摘要
对身体运动功能训练在中国游泳队的应用过程进行定量化的分析和总结,从身体机能、基本动作模式和身体素质3个方面出发,研究身体运动功能训练的实践效果。对中国游泳队35名队员为期9周的身体运动功能训练进行观察、统计和分析。结果发现:(1)训练后,运动员在握力、心率和尿液颜色均有统计学显著性变化;在Move2perform数据库对比分析中,训练后,男组运动员在握力、安静时心率和尿液颜色没有达到平均基准分;女组运动员在安静时心率和尿液颜色没有达到平均基准分;(2)在FMS0分动作中,"躯干稳定性俯撑(TSPU)"是最为常见的疼痛动作模式;(3)训练前男女组运动员LUQY-Z分数低于基准分,训练后男女组运动员LLQY-Z、RLQY-Z、LUQY-Z和RUQY-Z分数均高于基准分;(4)踝关节灵活性训练前后没有显著变化;(5)1PU测试男女组运动员均超过基准分,1DIP测试没有达到基准分;(6)男女组运动员训练前腹部核心力量耐力均没有达到基准分,训练后测试均达到基准分。结果表明:(1)握力、心率和尿液颜色3个指标可以用于对游泳运动员身体机能进行监控和评估。(2)针对运动员存在的疼痛动作模式,提出"灵活性-静态动作控制-动态动作控制-力量训练"的纠正策略,根据该策略制定的纠正练习方案是有效的。(3)提出游泳专项力量训练动作图谱,并以此为指导设计训练方案实现了"重点发展上肢力量,保持下肢力量"的集训目标。
The authors carried out a quantitative analysis and summarization on the process of application of body movement function training to the Chinese swimming team, and studied the practical effects of body movement function training from such three aspects as body function, basic movement mode and physical quality. The authors observed, recorded and analyzed the 9-week body movement function training of 35 members of the Chinese swimming team, and revealed the following findings: 1) after the training, the grip strength, heart rate and urine color of the athletes had statistically significant changes;in the Move2perform database comparison analysis, after the training, the grip strength, heart rate in a calm condition and urine color of the athletes in the male group did not reach the average benchmark scores;the heart rate in a calm condition and urine color of the athletes in the female group did not reach the average benchmark scores;2) in the FMS0 sub-movement,“torso steady push-up”(TSPU) was the most common painful movement mode;3) before the training, the LUQY-Z scores of the athletes in the male and female groups were lower than the benchmark scores;after the training, the LLQY-Z, RLQY-Z, LUQY-Z and RUQY-Z scores of the athletes in the male and female groups were all higher than the benchmark scores;4) there was no significant change in ankle joint flexibility before and after the training;5) the athletes in the male and female groups exceeded the benchmark scores in the 1PU test, but did not reach the benchmark scores in the 1DIP test;6) the abdomen core strength of the athletes in the male and female groups did not reach the benchmark scores before the training, but reached the benchmark scores as tested after the training. The said findings indicate the followings: 1) such 3 indexes as grip strength, heart rate and urine color can be used for monitoring and evaluating the physical functions of swimmers;2) aiming at the painful movement modes existing in the athletes, the authors put forward such a correction strategy as “flexibility - static movement control - dynamic movement control - strength training”;the correction practice program established according to this strategy was effective;3) the authors put forward a movement map dedicated for swimming strength training, and designed training programs under the guidance of the map, realized such collective training goals as “primarily developing upper limb strength, maintaining lower limb strength”.
作者
扆铮
尹军
王姣姣
YI Zheng;YIN Jun;WANG Jiao-jiao(Institute for Sport Performance and Health Promotion,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Beijing College of Sports,Beijing 100075,China)
出处
《体育学刊》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期131-136,共6页
Journal of Physical Education
基金
北京市教育科学"十三五"规划青年专项课题(CCEA17140)
北京市教委社科计划一般项目(SM201810029002)
北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设支持计划创新团队项目(IDHT20170515)
关键词
竞赛与训练
身体运动功能训练
身体机能
基本动作模式
身体素质
游泳运动员
中国
competition and training
body movement function training
physical function
basic movement mode
physical quality
swimmer
China
作者简介
扆铮(1986-),男,博士,研究方向:体能训练理论与方法。E-mail:yizheng@cupes.edu.cn。
