摘要
本文利用"大众点评网"2015年餐饮类商铺的信息,结合全国城市层面的人口与土地等数据,实证检验了城市规模和人口结构多样性对于一个城市的不可贸易品多样性的影响。本文发现,人口数量增加1%,菜品种类会增加0.528%—0.623%;而人口结构,即"流动人口"比重上升一个百分点,菜品种类会增加2.19%—2.49%。也就是说,"流动人口"不仅为城市带来了家乡的特色菜品,还促使城市创造了新的菜品。本文支持了有关城市规模和人口结构多样性对城市不可贸易品多样性的促进作用。在此基础上,本文用菜品多样性作为消费者福利的代理指标,在中国城市规模服从不同参数的对数正态分布的条件下,通过数值模拟估算出整体的福利变化情况,以及每一个城市的福利变化,结果显示限制大城市人口规模的政策意味着巨大的整体福利损失,尤其是对大城市的损害更大,但是对中小城市具有保护作用。
As one of the most representative traits of Chinese culture,Chinese cuisines are world famous and a reflection of soft power.However,the literature on the Chinese cuisine industry is significantly insufficient,and few papers have considered variety welfare across the whole country.We attempt to determine the distribution rule of non-tradable goods in China.Modern economics,especially new trade theory,pays more attention to the distribution rule,as preference for variety is a basic assumption of modern economic theory(Armington,1969).Studies from Krugman until now have gradually determined that the scale economy,which comes from the agglomeration effect of supply,can increase the number of varieties in production and promote variety welfare(Krugman,1979,1980,199la;Broda&Weinstein,2006).In contrast,the rule of consumption and non-tradable goods remain misunderstood.According to the urban economy,all location-based services or goods that are differentiated and patronized by consumers with a specific set of preferences can be regarded as non-tradable goods.Due to the two main characteristics of non-tradable good,including transport cost heterogeneity and low substitution,more scholars have recognized that varieties of non-tradable goods can better proxy for a city s non-tradable goods welfare than other indexes.In addition,scholars have determined that non-tradable goods are among the major sources of a city s amenities(Glaeser et al.,2001)and one of the most important factors attracting people to live in a city(Chen&Rosenthal,2008;Lee,2010).Therefore,it is important to study the distribution rule of non-tradable goods for urban development.China s huge population and unique population mobility pattern also motivate our research.The 12th and 13th Five-Year Plans insist that big cities should limit population inflow,which has made China s population uniquely fluid.Recent empirical work has shown that industrial composition varies systematically with population size(Mori et al.,2008;Mori&Smith,2011;Hsu,2012;Schiff,2015).However,there is an extreme spatial mismatch between the economy and population that weakens the urban population agglomeration effect and scale economy effect(Lu,2013).Thus,we research the potential loss of non-tradable goods variety welfare against the background of limiting population mobility policy.We acquire the cuisines data from Meituan-Dianping(dianping.com)There are two classification standards for cuisines,including categories and dishes,which can proxy for the varieties of a local city.Compared with other studies,ours makes three main contributions.First,we first use big data to proxy for the varieties of non-tradable goods in a Chinese city;second,we discuss the relationships between China s population size,population structure,and varieties of non-tradable goods;third,we estimate the loss of non-tradable goods variety welfare in a Chinese city under the population mobility restriction policy.We combine the cuisines data from dianping.com in 2015 and consider the sixth census and land data at the city level to empirically test the causal relationship between population size and structure and the variety welfare of non-tradable goods.We find that the elasticity of variety in terms of population is between 0.528 and 0.696,while that in terms of fluid population is between 2.19 and 3.56.That is,the“fluid population”not only serves as a special category for the city,but also encourages the city to create new categories.This paper supports the positive promoting effect of population scale and structure diversity on the variety welfare of non-tradable goods.Based on our estimation of the instrumental variables,we use varieties of non-tradable goods as welfare indicators through numerical simulations to estimate the potential losses of Chinese cities under different parameters of logarithmic normal distribution.The results show that the current limits on population mobility result in a huge variety welfare loss especially for big cities,but have a protective effect on small and medium-sized cities.
作者
李兵
郭冬梅
刘思勤
LI Bing;GUO Dongmei;LIU Siqin(Central University of Finance and Economics;Central University of Finance and Economics;Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期150-164,共15页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(批准号:18BTJ004)
中财大数据中心数据库项目的资助
作者简介
李兵,中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院,邮政编码:100081,电子信箱: lukeice2000@163.com;通讯作者:郭冬梅,中央财经大学经济学院,邮政编码:100081,电子信箱: guodongmeicufe@163.com;刘思勤,香港科技大学博士研究生,电子信箱:cufelouise@163.com。
