摘要
为寻求秸秆的高效快速处理途径,采用EM、VT1000、强兴3种菌剂作用于秸秆与果皮蔬菜混合垃圾按不同配比混合的物料,无需发酵,通过分析不同菌剂处理后秸秆混合物料的理化性质、降解性能和微生物种群结构变化,探讨不同菌剂对秸秆降解性能的影响。结果表明,3种菌剂均对物料的全碳、全氮、C/N具有降低作用,可提高速效磷和速效钾的含量,加快半纤维素的降解。EM对全碳、速效磷和C/N的作用效果较好,VT1000对全氮、速效钾和半纤维素的作用效果较好,且各菌剂于物料配比3?2时处理效果最佳,EM菌剂处理后物料全碳质量分数和C/N比值分别为8.19%和14.44,速效磷上升幅度为51.49%;VT1000菌剂处理后物料全氮下降幅度为55.24%,速效钾上升幅度为83.60%,半纤维素降解率为60.09%。采用高通量测序技术分析微生物群落结构对物料性能的影响,结果表明,不同菌剂处理后物料的优势细菌菌群为Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)和Chlorobacteria(绿弯菌门),优势真菌菌群为Ascomycota(子囊菌门)、Zygomycota(接合菌门)、Basidiomycota(担子菌门)和Unclassified-k-Fungi(未经分类的真菌)。研究发现,优势菌群的相对丰度是影响秸秆性质变化的主要原因,EM菌剂处理的物料,优势菌群Unclassified-k-Fungi的相对丰度明显高于其他菌剂的处理,这直接影响物料的C/N变化;而VT1000菌剂处理的物料,优势菌群Acidobacteria相对丰度明显高于其他菌剂,其与物料中全氮和速效钾存在一定的相关性。该研究可为探索菌剂复配或研发新型菌剂用于秸秆的微生物降解奠定理论基础。
To find out the efficient rice straw degradation technics,three kinds of microbial agents including EM,VT1000 and QX were applied to deal with the mixture of rice straw and peel vegetables garbage with the different proportions without fermentation.The treatment effects of different microbial agents on straw properties were discussed by analyzing the physical and chemical properties,degradability and microbial population structure of straw mixture treated with different microbial agents.The results showed that the applied microbial agents could obviously improve the degradation of hemicellulose by decreasing the total carbon,total nitrogen and C/N ratio,and increasing the available phosphorus and available potassium properties.Under the material ratio of 3:2,the optimal treatment effects could be obtained by all three kinds of microbial agents.EM held the better treatment effects on the total carbon,available phosphorus and C/N ratio,and while,the VT1000 possessed the better treatment effects on the total nitrogen,available potassium and hemicellulose.By EM treatment,the total carbon content and C/N ratio of materials approached 8.19%and 14.44,and the proportion of available phosphorus increased by 51.49%.The total nitrogen decreased by 55.24%,the available potassium increased by 83.60%,and the degradation rate of hemi-cellulose was 60.09%of mixed materials respectively after treatment with VT1000.High throughput sequencing technology was applied to monitor microbial community structure changes on the material properties.The results showed that after treatment with three kinds of microbial agents,the dominant bacterial genera included Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Acidobacteria and Clorobacteria,and the dominant fungi were Ascomycota,Zygomycota,Basidiomycota and Unclassified-k-Fungi,respectively.The relative abundance of dominant microflora was the main reason for the change of straw properties.The relative abundance of Unclassified-k-Fungi was significantly higher in the materials treated with EM than that of other microbial agents,which directly affected the C/N change of the materials.However,in the materials treated with VT1000,the relatively abundant of dominant microflora Acidobacteria was significantly higher than other agents treated groups,and had a certain correlation with total nitrogen and available potassium in the materials.This study lays a theoretical foundation for exploring and developing new microbial agents and their proportions for microbial degradation of straw.
作者
宋志伟
陈露露
潘宇
钟子楠
王晶
SONG Zhiwei;CHEN Lulu;PAN Yu;ZHONG Zinan;WANG Jing(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150022,China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第11期2134-2141,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51678222)
哈尔滨市科学技术局资助项目(2015RAXXJ039)
关键词
水稻秸秆
微生物菌剂
种群结构
降解性能
rice straw
microbial agent
population structure
degradation performance
作者简介
宋志伟(1968年生),女,教授,博士,研究方向为污水生物处理技术、固废处理及资源化。E-mail:szwcyp@163.com。
