摘要
在国际技术转让领域,中国实践中采取的"以市场换技术"和"以资本换技术"两种模式,都受到来自美国等发达国家的挑战。一方面,美国通过在WTO起诉,认为中国对外国投资者实行强制技术转让,相关国内法违反TRIPS协定的国民待遇条款。另一方面,美国等一些国家认为中国有针对性地对外国高科技产业实施的投资项目,实质为"技术采购",后续将严格审查乃至限制中国投资。国际技术转让争端解决的难点在于其同时涉及贸易和投资议题,因此关键在于对中国相关措施的定性,不应仅从国际贸易规则视角检验中国国内措施的合法性。同时,不应将国际技术转让中的行政规制措施与私法领域的《合同法》进行简单比较,进而认为违反国民待遇条款。技术转让已经成为中美乃至全球经贸投资关系中不容回避的重大敏感议题,对其进行深入研究有助于中国进一步把握国际技术转让法律规制的趋势,更好地应对今后可能发生的技术转让纠纷。
In the field of International technology transfer(ITT),the current“quid pro quo”and“capital for technology”modes adopted by China have been challenged by the US and other developed countries.On the one hand,the US has brought China to WTO for measures relating to forced technology transfer,which it considers inconsistent with the national treatment of the TRIPS.On the other hand,the US and some countries argue that some investment projects from China are aimed at buying high-technologies,which are in essence“technology purchasing”,and that they will conduct much more strict examination on Chinese investments in the following years.The difficulties of the dispute over international transfer of technology lies in the fact that it involves both trade and investment issues and therefore the key to its solution is not to examine the legitimacy of relevant measures taken by China from the perspective of international trade rules.Moreover,it is also not appropriate to make simple comparison between the administrative regulatory measures in international transfer of technology and the Contract Law(private law)and determine on the basis of such comparison that these measures are inconsistent with the national treatment of the TRIPS.Technology transfer has become a major sensitive issue between China,the US and other countries in the world,so the study on the regulatory pattern of technology transfer between main WTO members will help China to better understand the trend of regulation of technology transfer,and resolve the dispute over and participate in negotiations regarding technology transfer.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期174-186,共13页
Global Law Review
基金
国家社会科学基金专项课题"世界贸易组织中国涉诉案例的裁判生成与指导制度"(14CFX05)的研究成果
作者简介
彭德雷,华东理工大学商学院副教授。
