摘要
随着水资源的日益紧缺,非常规水资源的开发利用越来越受到各国的重视。利用非常规水资源进行灌溉是应对水资源紧缺的重要举措之一。非常规水资源农业利用以再生水和微咸水为主。中国农业非常规水资源具有较高的潜力,预计到2030年,农业可利用非常规水资源量为3.438×10^(10) m^3,其中再生水和微咸水农田灌溉量分别为1.645×10^(10) m^3和2.48×10~9 m^3。在淡水资源紧缺、非常规水资源相对丰富的地区,充分利用非常规水资源是缓解淡水资源危机的重要途径。本文在介绍了中国非常规水资源农业利用现状的基础上,总结了非常规水资源的灌溉模式,从灌溉区划技术、适宜作物分类、污染识别技术、高效灌水技术、监测评价技术和集成应用模式六方面提出了非常规水资源安全灌溉保障措施,提出了加强农业非常规水资源灌溉技术研究与推广、完善农业非常规水资源回用的标准规范体系、将非常规水资源纳入水资源配置与开发利用规划以及制定农业非常规水资源开发利用激励政策的发展策略,以建立适合我国气候特点和国情的农业非常规水资源利用技术体系。
With the increasing shortage of water resources,the development and utilization of unconventional water resources have received more and more attention from various countries.Using unconventional water resources to irrigate is one of the important measures to deal with the shortage of water resources.Unconventional water resources mainly include the reclaimed water and brackish water.In China,the agricultural unconventional water resources have relatively high potentials.It has been predicted that the amount of unconventional water available for agriculture will reach 3.438×10^10 m^3 in 2030 and the irrigation amount of reclaimed water and brackish water will be 1.645×10^10 m^3 and 2.48×10^9 m^3,respectively.In areas where the fresh water resources are lacking and the unconventional water resources are relatively abundant,especially in the arid area in the north,developing and using unconventional water resources can be regarded as a good solution for the shortage of fresh water.In this paper,based on the situation of China,the irrigation mode of unconventional water resources was summarized.From the aspects of zoning technology,suitable crop classification,pollution identification technology,high-efficient irrigation technique,monitoring and evaluation technology,and integrated application mode,this paper proposes the safe irrigation measures of unconventional water resources in China.Finally,in order to establish a technical system of agricultural unconventional water resources utilization suitable for China,this paper puts forward the development and utilization strategy,which is to further strengthen the technical research and popularization of the agricultural unconventional water resource utilization technology,to improve the recycling standards and regulation system,to bring the unconventional water resources into the planning of water resources development and utilization,and to formulate incentive policies.
作者
胡雅琪
吴文勇
Hu Yaqi;Wu Wenyong(Department of Irrigation and Drainage,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期69-76,共8页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目"中国农业资源环境若干战略问题研究"(2016-ZD-10)
国家重点研发计划课题"灌溉多水源优化调度配置技术与方法"(2016YFC0400102)
关键词
非常规水资源
再生水
微咸水
灌溉
unconventional water resources
reclaimed water
brackish water
irrigation
作者简介
通讯作者:吴文勇,中国水利水电科学研究院,教授级高级工程师,主要从事农业节水基础理论与技术研究;E-mail:wenyongwu@126.com。
