摘要
当前世界范围内的大规模城市化浪潮集中在亚洲和非洲地区,而非洲城市人口增长速度超过亚洲,为世界之首。非洲大陆出现了人口超过1000万的特大城市、境内和跨境的城市走廊,中小城市的增长更加迅猛。2016年非洲城市化水平为41%,预计到2050年非洲城市化率将达到56%。如此快速的城市扩张,对任何国家来说都极具挑战性。缺乏规划性的非洲城市化更是面临着前所未有的经济、社会和环境可持续性的挑战。首先,非洲城市化与经济结构转型相脱节,制造业和现代服务业发展严重滞后,城市的聚集经济效应微弱,对经济增长的拉动作用小。其次,非洲城市以非正规经济活动为主要特征,贫困、不平等和暴力状况严重。最后,非洲城市面临气候变化的负面冲击和城市治理薄弱导致的环境恶化挑战。为应对发展和环境挑战并存的局面,未来非洲城市化需要谋求可持续发展模式,实现经济、社会和环境的平衡发展。
The current wave of large-scale urbanization in the world is concentrated in Asia and Africa with the latter being the most rapidly urbanizing.Megacities with a population of more than 10 million and city corridors within and across the borders have emerged in the African continent.Small and medium-sized cities in comparison with other urban areas have increased more rapidly.In 2016,the level of urbanization in Africa was 41%.The ratio is expected to reach 56%by 2050.Such speedy urban expansion would be no doubt challenging to any country.For Africa,unplanned urbanization has already led to unprecedented economic,social and environmental challenges,compromising sustainable development.First of all,African urbanization is derailed off a process of structural transformation,but is accompanied by underdevelopment of manufacturing and modern service sectors.As a result,urban aggregation effect is weak,hardly promoting economic growth.Secondly,African cities are characterized by informal economic activities leading to rampant poverty,social inequality and violence.Finally,African cities have been enduring negative impacts of climate change and environmental degradation caused by weak urban governance.Facing developmental and environmental challenges at the same time,Africa is in dire need of a new mode of sustainable urbanization to achieve a balance among economic,social and environmental development.
出处
《区域与全球发展》
2018年第2期42-65,155,156,共26页
Area Studies and Global Development
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"多卷本<非洲经济史>"(14ZDB063)的阶段性成果
关键词
非洲城市化
非正规部门
气候变化
可持续发展
African Urbanization
Informal Sector
Climate Change
Sustainable Development
作者简介
朴英姬,中国社会科学院西亚非洲研究所副研究员,研究方向为非洲可持续发展问题。(北京,100007)。
