摘要
为探明玉米秸秆粉末、新鲜和老化(自然老化、高温老化、冻融循环老化)玉米秸秆生物炭对黄土高原石灰性农田土壤氨挥发的影响,将不同材料按2%(质量比)与土壤充分混匀,开展为期29 d的室内静态土壤培养实验,研究土壤氨挥发速率的日变化以及整个培养期间的氨挥发累积量。同时,为探究不同材料对土壤氨挥发影响的机理,测定了培养初态和终态土壤样品的无机氮含量、氨氧化速率和氨氧化细菌数量,并研究了不同材料对水中NH_4^+-N的吸附特性。结果表明,在整个培养过程中,与未添加外源材料处理相比,添加冻融循环老化生物炭或高温老化生物炭处理的氨挥发累积量减少了30%,添加自然老化生物炭或新鲜生物炭处理的氨挥发累积量减少了23%,添加玉米秸秆粉末处理的氨挥发累积量减少了19%。施氮肥后1~10 d为土壤氨挥发的主要阶段,该阶段氨挥发累积量占整个培养过程氨挥发累积量的90%以上。不同材料对土壤氨挥发影响的机理研究表明,冻融循环老化生物炭和高温老化生物炭较强的氨挥发抑制作用与其较强的土壤氨氧化促进作用以及NH_4^+-N吸附能力有关。本研究有助于深刻理解新鲜和老化玉米秸秆生物炭还田对石灰性农田土壤氨挥发的影响,为降低土壤氨挥发提供有效途径,为生物炭在黄土高原的农业工程应用提供理论借鉴。
The object of this study was to examine the effects of maize-straw powder,fresh and aged maize straw-derived biochars(includ ing spontaneous aging,high-temperature aging,and freeze-thaw cycles aging)on ammonia(NH3)volatilization in a typical Loess Plateau calcareous arable soil.The indoor static soil incubation experiment of 29 days was carried out after adding and evenly mixing 2%(in mass)of abovementioned materials into and with the soil sample to investigate the diurnal variation of soil NH3 volatilization rate and the cumula tive NH3 volatilization of the soils during the whole incubation period.To unravel the mechanisms that control NH3 volatilization from the soil amended with different materials,the inorganic nitrogen content,ammonia oxidation rate,and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amount of the soils were determined at the beginning and the end of incubation.Moreover,the NH+4-N adsorption characteristics of the materials were studied.The results indicated that all the materials inhibited NH3 volatilization of the calcareous arable soil.Compared with the soil without exogenous material added,the cumulative NH3 volatilization during the whole incubation period decreased by 30%in the freeze-thaw cy cles aged or high-temperature aged biochar amended soil,decreased by 23%in the spontaneous aged or fresh biochar amended soil,and de creased by 19%in the maize-straw powder amended soil.The first 10 days after nitrogen fertilizer application was the main stage of NH3 volatilization,which accounted for more than 90%of the cumulative NH3 volatilization.The relatively stronger NH3 volatilization inhibition abilities of freeze-thaw cycles aged and high-temperature aged biochars were mainly attributed to their stronger abilities of ammonia oxida tion promotion and NH+4-N adsorption.This study will be helpful for understanding the effects of returning fresh and aged maize straw-de rived biochars back to farmland on soil NH3 volatilization.Moreover,the study will supply an effective way to reduce soil NH3 volatilization,and will provide a theoretical reference for the agricultural application of biochar in arable soils of the Loess Plateau.
作者
王朝旭
陈绍荣
张峰
崔建国
WANG Chao-xu;CHEN Shao-rong;ZHANG Feng;CUI Jian-guo(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Jinzhong 030600,China;Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province,Jinzhong 030600,China)
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期2350-2358,共9页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41503074
51408397)
山西省自然科学基金项目(2015011081)
太原理工大学校基金面上项目(2015MS031)~~
关键词
生物炭
老化
氨挥发
氨氧化
吸附
biochar
aged
ammonia volatilization
ammonia oxidation
adsorption
作者简介
王朝旭(1981—),男,河南郑州人,副教授,从事生物质炭的土壤环境效应研究。E-mail:cxwang127@126.com
