摘要
基于服务业占比、服务业增加值以及人均服务业增加值三个维度进行度量的中国服务业增长区域失衡状态正愈演愈烈。本文从知识产权保护(IPR)实际强度与"最适强度"偏离度的视角解读了中国服务业增长区域失衡的理论机制,并借助于不同的计量模型开展间接论证和直接论证,基于多样化知识产权保护指标和基于服务业企业微观数据的多次回归均得到了较为稳健的研究结论。研究发现:知识产权保护显著地促进了中国的服务业增长,而且中国知识产权保护实际强度尚未达到理论上的"最适强度";东中西部地区存在各自理论上的知识产权保护"最适强度",相对于东部地区而言,中西部地区知识产权保护实际强度与自身"最适强度"的偏离度较大,导致中西部地区原先落后于东部地区服务业增长的劣势进一步加剧,中国服务业增长的区域失衡越发严峻。
Summary:With the fast growth in China's services in recent years,the percentage of services in China's GDP has increased.The percentage of value added by services in China's GDP reached 51.6%in 2016,exceeding the contribution of the next largest industry by 11.8%.Tremendously large regional imbalances also exist in China.The regional imbalances in China's growth in services,measured by the proportion of services in GDP,the value-added by services and the value-added per capita by services,have become increasingly intense.This paper investigates these regional imbalances from the perspective of the difference between the actual strength and the optimal strength of intellectual property rights protection(IPR).Because services are a vital part of the economy,this paper explains regional imbalances in services using econometric models derived from economic growth theories.An analytical framework is constructed that reveals the mechanisms by which differences between the actual and optimal strengths of IPR affect the regional imbalances in China's growth in services.Both direct and indirect verification are used as an empirical exercise.The impact of differences between the actual strength and the optimal strength of IPR on regional imbalances in China's growth in services is indirectly verified using subsamples of eastern,central and western China.Next,this paper directly verifies this impact by constructing variables capturing the regional imbalances in China's growth in services and the differences between the actual strength and optimal strength of IPR.To resolve the issue of endogeneity in the empirical model,a distance index and the railway density are used as instrumental variables(IVs).As a robustness check,this paper tests the effect of differences between the actual and optimal strengths of IPR on regional imbalances in China's growth in services with micro-data.This is seldom done in the literature on service economics and contributes to the search for micro-foundations for the regional imbalances in the growth in services.Provincial panel data and micro-data for services are obtained from the China'statistical Yearbook of the Tertiary Industry,the Statistical Yearbook for each province and the WIND Database on China's listed companies.This paper draws three conclusions.1)IPR promotes growth in whole services and knowledge-intensive services with inversed U-shaped features.China's current actual strength of IPR is below the theoretically optimal strength of IPR.2)Eastern China,central China and western China have different theoretically optimal strengths of IPR and no region has reached its optimal level.3)The differences between the actual strength and optimal strength of IPR in the three regions account for much of the regional imbalances in China's growth in services.Compared with eastern China,the differences between the actual strength and optimal strength of IPR in central and western China are large,leading these two regions to fall behind eastern China in service growth.Consequently,the three regions can strengthen their IPR,reducing the difference between their actual strength and optimal strength of IPR and promoting growth in services.Furthermore,central China and western China can catch up with eastern China by reducing the difference between their actual strength and optimal strength of IPR,alleviating regional imbalances in China's growth in services.This paper makes three contributions.First,it studies regional imbalance in China's growth in services,a situation that lacks in-depth study by academics despite having long been a puzzle.Second,it analyzes the mechanisms behind the imbalances in growth in services from the unique perspective of differences between the actual strength and optimal strength of IPR.Third,it constructs unique instrumental variables based on a distance index and railway density to resolve endogeneity issues and uses micro-data seldom used in service economics for empirical tests to reduce estimation bias.
作者
唐保庆
邱斌
孙少勤
TANG Baoqing;QIU Bin;SUN Shaoqin(School of International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics and Management,Southeast University;School of Business,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第8期147-162,共16页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"来华留学教育产业对我国经济长期影响的研究"(15AJY001)
国家社会科学基金一般项目"全面开放新格局下中国服务业结构优化的理论机制及政策体系研究"(18BJY179)的资助
关键词
知识产权保护
服务业增长
“最适强度”
区域失衡
Intellectual Property Rights Protection
Growth in Services
Optimal Strength
Regional Imbalances
作者简介
唐保庆,电子信箱:tangbaoqing@126.com;(通讯作者)邱斌,电子信箱:b_qiu@126.com;孙少勤,电子信箱:ssqok@126.com。
