摘要
以44名不同水平定向运动员(专家组、中等水平组、新手组)为被试,采用地图类型和信息量双任务范式与眼动技术相结合,探索不同水平定向运动员在不同认知负荷条件下识图的视觉搜索特征,为科学地制定训练方案提供理论依据。结果表明:1)地图类型与信息量制约着不同水平定向运动员识图过程中的视觉搜索与路线决策能力。2)在识图过程中,新手组表现出注视次数多、眼跳距离大、视觉注意倾向于在点位之间进行搜寻,注视行为分散,未形成有效的搜索模式;优秀运动员表现出注视次数少、眼跳距离小、注视行为"简洁、集中"的眼动特点,具有"自上而下"的目标任务注意特征。3)简单地图条件下,中等水平组与专家组运动员趋向于从起点开始搜索的正向思维策略;复杂地图条件下,专家组运动员改变了搜索策略,趋向于从检查点开始的逆向思维策略。提示:在不同水平定向运动员的专项训练中要考虑到地图类型与信息量的影响因素,在定向运动员的培养过程中,应注重对识图视觉搜索能力的专项认知训练。
The subjects including 44 different-level orienteers(experts-level,middle-level and novice-level)were evaluated with dual-task paradigm of map and type information and eye-movement recording technique,which explores the visual search characteristics of different-level orienteers affected by different cognitive loads,so as to provide the theoretical basis for scientifically formulating training programs.The results showed that 1)The map type and the amount of information restricted the ability of visual search and route decision of different-level athletes.2)In the process of map reading,the novice group showed the search characteristics of many fixation times and big saccade distance,and the visual attention tended to search among points.The fixation behavior was scattered,and no effective searching characteristic was formed;As the level rises,the excellent orienteers showed the eye-movement characteristics of few fixation times,small saccade distance,and“concise and centralized”fixation behavior,with“top-down”attention feature of target task.3)under the condition of simple map,the middle-level group and the expert group tended to forward thinking strategy which began from the starting point;under the condition of complex map,middle-level group tended to forward thinking strategy which began from the starting point,while expert group tended to backward thinking strategy which began from the control points.Suggestions:In the training process of different-level orienteers,the factors of the map type and the amount of point information should be considered;and in the course of training orienteers,the special training of map searching ought to be emphasized.
作者
刘阳
何劲鹏
LIU Yang;HE Jin-peng(Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an,710048,China;Northeast Normal University,Changchun,130024,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第4期120-128,共9页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(16YJCZH063)
关键词
定向运动
识图过程
视觉搜索
特征模式
orienteering
the process of map reading
visual search
characteristic pattern
作者简介
刘阳,男,副教授,博士,硕士研究生导师,主要研究方向为运动与注意、记忆、决策的认知关系,E-mail:281370538@qq.com。;何劲鹏,男,教授,博士,博士研究生导师,研究方向为体育人文社会学,E-mail:1324639048@qq.com。
