摘要
在全球价值链不断深入的背景下,一国产品的生产过程被分割为分布于不同国家的不同生产阶段,导致中间产品在国家间多次跨越边境,进而使关税等贸易成本也沿产品的生产链条不断叠加和放大。关税一方面保护了进口产品的国内生产厂商,另一方面上游行业关税上升又将提高国内下游生产厂商的生产成本。为此,本文提出在全球价值链背景下关税有效保护率(ERP)的一个崭新的测度方法,并利用世界投入产出表与双边关税数据测算了1996—2011年64个国家和地区33个行业的关税有效保护率。研究发现:(1)与发展中国家相比,发达国家关税有效保护率较低;(2)自1996年以来,世界大部分国家或地区的关税有效保护率都有所下降;(3)从行业水平看,在现有关税水平下,货物行业均受到不同程度的保护,而服务行业未得到保护反而受损。最后,本文也测算了特朗普关税政策对关税有效保护率的影响,结果发现美国加征关税对美国国内产业的有效保护程度作用有限。
In a world with the prevalence of global value chains,the production process is divided into different production stages located in different countries,which further leads to the multiple border crossings of intermediate goods.The tariff cost will be further amplified by these multiple border crossings.Under this background,the effect of tariff on domestic value added became complicated.On one hand,the tariff will protect the domestic manufacturers in the same industry.On the other hand,the tariff levied on the upstream industries is also the production cost of domestic manufacturers.Therefore,it’s necessary and significant to re-investigate the effective protection of tariff on domestic manufacturers.To this end,by taking full account of global value chain,this study proposes a new measure of tariff effective rate of protection(ERP).We also calculate the annual ERP for 64 countries and 33 sectors from 1996 and 2011 by using world-input-output tables and bilateral tariff data.We found that:①Developed countries have much lower ERP than developing countries.②Overtime,ERP has significantly declined for most countries.③At industry level,different sectors face very different degrees of protection by tariffs.The non-tradable sector however even suffer from a loss in value added caused by tariffs.We also calculated the effect of Trump tariff policy on each countries’ERP,and found a very limited effect.
作者
段玉婉
刘丹阳
倪红福
DUAN Yu-wan;LIU Dan-yang;NI Hong-fu(School of International Trade and Economics,CUFE,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Economics,CASS, Beijing 100836,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第7期62-79,共18页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目"价值链视角下出口与区域经济协调发展研究---基于反映加工贸易的地区间投入产出模型"(批准号71704195)
国家自然科学基金青年项目"基于双区域OLG-CGE模型人口老龄化对区域经济的影响研究"(批准号71401009)
国家自然科学基金重点项目"全球价值链视角下的国内区域分工与市场一体化研究"(批准号71733003)
关键词
关税有效保护
全球价值链
投入产出模型
贸易摩擦
effective protection rate of tariff
global value chain
input-output model
trade friction
作者简介
段玉婉,中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院讲师,经济学博士;;通信作者:刘丹阳,电子邮箱:warmsleet@email.cufe.edu.cn。;倪红福,中国社会科学院经济研究所副研究员,经济学博士。
