摘要
东北地区2012~2013年冬春遭遇罕见低温多雨雪天气,春季低温湿涝突出,春耕春播推迟。其中,秋冬春降水连续偏多,尤其秋冬季节降水量异常且冬春积雪覆盖范围大、持续时间长,春季土壤湿涝明显,春耕整地和春播受阻;冬春季持续异常低温,尤其春耕春播关键期4月上中旬遭遇1961年以来最强低温,春季土壤化冻明显延迟,春耕整地推迟。2012~2013年秋冬降水量异常偏多、春耕春播关键期出现历史罕见低温是造成2013年低温春涝最关键因素。春季异常低温和显著湿涝叠加使东北地区春耕和春播明显延迟,尤其旱地春耕春播受较大影响,玉米、大豆等旱地作物大田播种较常年普遍推迟5~15 d。此次低温春涝对东北地区春耕春播生产综合影响为2000年以来程度最重;黑龙江在东北三省中受影响最重;从气象单因素角度看,湿涝对春耕春播不利影响显著大于低温。
The winter and spring of 2012/2013 in northeast China encountered rare low-temperature and rainy and snowy weather,and spring low-temperature and wet waterlogging were prominent,both of which caused a significant delay in spring sowing.On the one hand,the precipitation in autumn,winter and spring was more than the average value of the same period in the whole year continuously and reached the highest value in 1961-2017,which was not observed in more than 50 years.Especially the abnormal precipitation in autumn and winter and the large range and long duration of snow cover in winter and spring,had caused the soil wet and waterlogging in spring,which had impeded spring ploughing and spring planting.On the other hand,the abnormal low temperature continued in winter and spring in northeast China.Especially the strong low temperature,since 1961 appeared in early and middle April,which delayed soil unfreezing in spring and subsequent spring tillage and soil preparation.On the whole,the abnormal precipitation in autumn and winter of 2012/2013 and the rare low temperature in the critical period of spring ploughing and spring sowing were the most important factors causing low temperature and waterlogging during spring sowing stage in 2013.Spring tillage and spring sowing in northeast China were delayed obviously,due to the superposition of abnormal low temperature and significant waterlogging in spring,especially in dry land.Field sowing of maize,soybean and other dry land crops were generally delayed by five to 15 days compared with the normal year.The comprehensive influence of low temperature and spring waterlogging on spring tillage and spring sowing production in northeast China was the heaviest since 2000.From the regional point of view,Heilongjiang Province was the most affected in the three northeastern provinces.From the meteorological single factor point of view,the adverse effects of wet waterlogging on spring sowing were significantly greater than those of low temperature.
作者
赵秀兰
姜艳
ZHAO Xiulan;JIANG Yan(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China;School of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China)
出处
《东北农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期50-57,共8页
Journal of Northeast Agricultural University
基金
科技部农业成果转化基金项目(2010GB24160651)
科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项项目(GYHY201206018)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(30571079)
关键词
东北地区
低温春涝
春耕春播
旱地
northeast China
low temperature and spring waterlogging
spring tillage and spring sowing
dry land
作者简介
赵秀兰（1968-），研究员，博士，研究方向为农业气象和气候变化。E-mail:751502742@qq.com
