摘要
为探究沈阳市黑花生在花针期、结荚期和饱果期最佳调亏水平,以黑花生为试材,设9个处理,3次重复,其中对照(80%~90%田间持水率)处理。在全自动滑动遮雨棚条件下,通过测坑试验,研究花针期、结荚期和饱果期不同生育期和不同调亏程度(轻度调亏,60%~65%田间持水率;中度调亏,55%~60%田间持水率;重度调亏,50%~55%田间持水率)对花干物质积累和分配、光合特性、产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,调亏灌溉不影响花生的整体生长趋势,可抑制花生的冗余生长,促进根的生长,生育期结束时可显著增加根冠比,促进干物质向荚果转移。花生任何时期干旱均会降低叶片的光合性能,复水后产生补偿效应,光合性能恢复,并且这种补偿可延续到后续的生育期。花针期中度调亏(55%~60%田间持水率)处理,增产4.33%,节水9.87%,水分利用效率提高15.76%;结荚期轻度调亏(60%~65%田间持水率)处理,增产2.19%,节水7.25%,水分利用效率提高10.19%;饱果期中度调亏处理(55%~60%田间持水率)处理,减产3.92%,节水17.44%,水分利用效率提高16.42%。因此,花针期中度(T2)处理、结荚期轻度(T4)处理和饱果期中度(T8)处理是沈阳地区黑花生节水、增产的最佳调亏水平。
In order to explore the optimal level of regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)at the stages of flowering,podding and full fruiting,an experiment was carried out in Shenyang with black peanut as experimental material,and 9 treatments and 3 replications were set up.Under the condition of automatic sliding shelter and test pit,and different water deficit conditions(mild water,moderate water,severe water,the corresponding soil water contents of 60%-65%,55%-60%and 50%-55%of field capacity,respectively)was conducted at the stages of flowering,podding and full fruiting to investigate the effects of RDI on the growth of root and shoot,dry matter partitioning,root-shoot ratio,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and water use efficiency(WUE).The results showed that RDI did not change the overall growth tendency of root and shoot of peanut.However,it could inhibit the redundant growth of peanuts,promote root growth,at end it increased the root-shoot ratio and promoted the transfer of dry matter to pods.Drought at any stage could reduce the photosynthetic performance of leaves,and the photosynthetic performance would be recovered after rehydration until the end of growth.Under moderate water deficit at flowering stage(55%-60%of field capacity),the yield increased by 4.33%,water was saved by 9.87%,and water use efficiency increased by 15.76%.Under mild water deficit at podding stage(60%-65%of field capacity),the yield increased by 2.19%,water was saved by 7.25%,and water use efficiency increased by 10.19%.Under moderate water deficit at full fruiting stage(55%-60%of field capacity),the yield reduced by 3.92%,water was saved by 17.44%,and water use efficiency increased by 16.42%.Therefore,moderate water deficit at flowering stage(T2),mild water deficit at podding stage(T4)and moderate water deficit ar full fruiting stage(T8)were the best conditions of RDI for water saving and yield increase of black peanut in Shenyang.
作者
吴晓茜
夏桂敏
李永发
迟道才
WU Xiao-qian;XIA Gui-min;LI Yong-fa;CHI Dao-cai(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期57-64,共8页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303125)
关键词
调亏灌溉
黑花生
干物质分配率
光合特性
水分利用效率
regulated deficit irrigation
black peanuts
distribution rate of dry matter
photosynthetic characteristics
water use efficiency
作者简介
吴晓茜(1992-),女,硕士研究生,从事农业节水理论技术研究,E-mail:18240035023@163.com;通信作者:夏桂敏(1973-),女,博士,副教授,从事农业与生态节水理论与技术研究,E-mail:xiagm1229@126.com
