摘要
着眼于以积极立法加强管治,提高立法动员能力、克服法规实施阻力、追求地方立法特色,地方立法中的公众参与实践探索发挥了一定作用。公众立法参与的机制化、制度化得以开启、巩固和发展。这表明我国公众立法参与已处于由制度化向法治化的发展阶段,而另一方面,这一质效提升的跃迁过程不是自发的,而是能动的、实践着的。由此,认真检视和提取既有立法参与制度文本中的积极成分和规律性的内容,合理评析和把握各地方的立法参与制度文本在规范设计及其应用中的实效与缺憾,在立法法以及地方立法条例的双重护佑与双层容纳之下,应当确立各类公众参与主体的参与权利及立法职权主体和行为主体的对应义务与责任。在制度基点上,明确规定公民享有包括立法知情权、表达权、监督权等在内的系统性和精细化的立法参与权利,并加强其组织性和有序性;在程序规则上,应对立法参与的主体、方式、程序以及对应的立法职权主体与行为主体的职责义务、问责机制等予以通行规则的刚性规定。
Recently,some local citizens actively explore to carry out the public participation in legislation,the legislative quality, mobilization,legislation localcharacteristic,has had a beneficial to good effect.Meanwhile,the institutionalization and institutionalization of legislative participation have been consolidated and developed.This suggests that the public participation of legislation in China has been and will continue to be developed from institutionalization to legalization.However,the quality and effectiveness of the public participation of legislation is not voluntary,but dynamic and practical.Thus,it is necessary to carefully analyze and extract the active ingredients and the reasonable contents in the existing ten texts about legislative participation,evaluate and grasp around in the regulation of public participation in legislation and application of the results and defects.It is no doubt that the participants' right,and the process,obligation,and responsibility of relative legislative body will be clarified under double protection or capacity of state legislation law and local legislation regulations.Furthermore,it should be stipulated in law that the citizens have sufficient right to know,to express,and to supervise.The last but not the least,it should be stipulated that the main participants, way and procedure of legislative participation,the responsibilities of the legislative body and the subject of action and the responsibility for accountability.
出处
《地方立法研究》
2017年第5期78-102,共25页
Local Legislation Journal
基金
2014年度国家社会科学基金重大项目(编号14ZDC007)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(编号12YJA820059)
浙江省高校中青年学科带头人入选计划及学术攀登项目(编号PD2013033)
关键词
立法参与
法治化
立法参与权利
立法参与主体
问责机制
legislative participation
legalization
right to participate
legislative participants
accountability mechanism
