摘要
以洛川、礼泉县作为黄土高原新、老苹果产区的代表,调查了两县400余个果园化肥养分投入情况,测定了两县各15个成龄果园0~40 cm土壤养分状况,旨在比较新、老果区的养分管理现状和土壤养分状况,为苹果园的合理施肥提供科学指导。结果表明:黄土高原苹果产区果园氮、磷、钾肥过量投入现象较为普遍,礼泉果园氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)化肥平均施用量依次为1115 kg hm^(-2)、656 kg hm^(-2)、968 kg hm^(-2),其中,氮、磷、钾肥投入过量比例依次高达95.3%、91.3%和100%;洛川果园氮、磷、钾化肥平均施用量依次为1208 kg hm^(-2)、828 kg hm^(-2)和1114 kg hm^(-2),其中,氮、磷、钾肥投入过量比例依次高达99.3%、98.7%和100%。两县果园土壤有效磷、钾养分过量问题较为普遍,其中,老果区礼泉县更为突出。因此,应适当控制氮、磷、钾投入,优化果园养分管理,减少不合理施肥可能带来的问题。
In order to understand the situations of fertilization and soil fertility of apple orchards in the Loess Plateau, we selected Luochuan and Liquan counties as representatives of new and old apple planting regions. Fertilizer input levels were surveyed inmore than 400 orchards of the two counties. And 15 soil samples were taken from the orchards of each county, and soil properties were determined. The result showed that excessive application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was very common in apple orchards of the Loess Plateau; and the average application rates of N, P205, and K20 fertilizers in Liquan County were 1115, 656, and 968 kg hm-2, respectively. And the percentages of excessive application of N, P205, and K20 fertilizers were 95.3%, 91.3%, and 100%, respectively. The average application rates of N, P205, and K20 fertilizers in Luoehuan county were 1208, 828, and 1114 kg hm-2, respectively; and the percentages of excessive application of N, P2Os, and K20 fertilizers were 99.3%, 98.7%, and 100%, respectively. The contents of available phosphorous and potassiumin the apple orchards soil of the two counties were generally excessive; and the available phosphorous and potassium contents in the old orchards soil were significantly higher than those in the new orchards soil. Therefore, we suggest controlling the application rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers, and optimizing nutrient management to prevent the environmental problem caused by the unreasonable application of fertilizers.
作者
陈翠霞
刘占军
陈竹君
霍百全
周建斌
CHEN Cui-xia 1,2, LIU Zhan-jun 1,2, CHEN Zhu-jun 1,2, HUO Bai-quan 3, ZHOU Jian-bin 1,2,(1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A ＆F University, Yongling 712100, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China; 3.Luochuan Agricultural Technological Extension Centre, Luochuan 727400, China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
北大核心
2018年第5期1144-1149,共6页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
国家"十三五"国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0200106)资助
关键词
黄土高原
苹果园
施肥现状
土壤肥力
Loess Plateau
Apple orchard
Fertilization
Soil fertility
作者简介
陈翠霞（1993-），女，新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市人，硕士研究生，主要从事果园养分管理与调控。E-mail：644924941@qq．com;通讯作者：E-mail：jbzhou@nwsuaf．edu．cn
