摘要
民族地区义务教育质量的稳步提升是教育公平的重要体现,也是促进教育均衡发展和教育精准扶贫的有效保障。文章基于西藏和四省藏区9个样本县的37份义务教育学校和3718份学生家庭的问卷调查,运用教育生产函数方法,通过多层次模型分析了藏区义务教育质量的影响因素。研究发现,民族地区义务教育质量得到了稳步提升,但发展水平仍然相对较低,且在义务教育高年级阶段与其他地区的差距更为明显;民族地区少数民族学生成绩整体上稍高于汉族,但随年级的升高,汉族学生的学习优势逐渐显现,在初中阶段汉族学生成绩超过了少数民族学生,描述统计和回归分析得出了一致性结论;学校层面因素对民族地区义务教育质量的影响程度较高,在学校投入中,专任教师本科及以上学历占比和生师比对学生成绩影响显著;地区城镇化率、父亲受教育程度和父母对学生的教育期望对学生成绩有显著影响。有鉴于此,在提高民族地区义务教育质量策略方面,需要继续加大对民族地区义务教育的扶持力度,在民族自治地方尝试设立"民族教育优先发展区",建设均衡而高质量的义务教育学校,积极推动民族地区城镇化发展,重视民族地区少数民族学生在义务教育高年级阶段的学习质量。
The steady improvement of compulsory education quality in areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities is the main manifestation of education equity and an effective guarantee of promoting balanced development of education and targeted poverty alleviation by education.Based on the questionnaire survey of 37 schools and 3,718 student families in 9 sample counties of Tibet Autonomous Region and Tibetan ethnic areas of four provinces,the educational production function method was used to analyze the influencing factors of compulsory education quality in Tibetan areas through a multi-level model.The study finds that the quality of compulsory education in ethnic minority areas has been steadily improved,but the level of development is still lower than that in the other areas,and the gap in the higher grades of compulsory education is more obvious.The scores of ethnic minority students are slightly higher than those of the Han students.But in higher grades,the improvement of the Han students' learning advantages gradually appeared.In the junior high school,the Han students' test scores exceeded that of the ethnic minorities students.Descriptive statistics and regression analysis reached consistent conclusions.The school-level factors have a higher impact on the quality of compulsory education in ethnic minority areas. The proportion of undergraduate and above-mentioned undergraduate education and the ratio of students to teachers in the school are significant.The regional urbanization rate,the education level of the fathers and the educational expectation of the parents have a significant impact on the students' performance.In view of this,in terms of improving the quality of compulsory education in ethnic minority areas,it is necessary to continue to increase support for compulsory education in ethnic minority areas,to establish a"ethnic education priority development zone"in ethnic autonomous areas,to build a balanced and high-quality compulsory education school,and to actively promote urbanization in ethnic minority areas,to attach importance to the quality of learning of the ethnic minority students in the senior compulsory education.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期43-55,共13页
Ethno-National Studies
基金
教育部人文基地重大招标项目"五省区藏区学校双语教学实践有效推进模式研究"(项目编号:13JJD880007)
全国教育科学规划重点课题"十三五期间学龄人口变动与基础教育资源配置规划研究"(项目编号:AGA180007)的阶段性研究成果
"泰山学者工程专项经费"资助
关键词
西藏和四省藏区
义务教育质量
教育生产函数
多层次模型
Tibet Autonomous Region and Tibetan ethnic areas of four provinces
quality of compulsory education
educational production function
hierarchical linear modeling
作者简介
孙百才，青岛大学教育发展研究院教授。地址：青岛市，邮编266071。;邓峰，北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院助理研究员。地址：北京市，邮编100081。;者卉，女，西北师范大学西北少数民族教育发展研究中心博士研究生。地址：兰州市，邮编730070。;王远达，青岛大学教育发展研究院硕士研究生。地址：青岛市，邮编266071。
