摘要
【目的】改善呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗地区"雨养农业"及过量施肥造成的单产低、产量不稳、肥料利用率低、氮素残留量过高的现状。【方法】试验设置3种灌水水平,分别为低水(W1:600 m^3/hm^2)、中水(W2:1 000 m3/hm^2)、高水(W3:1 400 m^3/hm^2),并设置3种施肥水平分别为低氮(N1:70 kg/hm^2)、中氮(N2:95 kg/hm^2)、高氮(N3:120 kg/hm^2),同时设置当地常规处理(W0N3)与空白处理(W0N0),研究了水氮互作对大豆产量、肥料利用效率及氮素残留的影响。【结果】水氮互作对产量影响较大,高水中氮(W3N2)处理增产59.2%。施氮量较小时,植株吸氮量表现为协同促进作用,施氮量过多则产生拮抗作用,其中与W0N3处理相比,高水中氮(W3N2)处理植株吸氮量增加3.92 g/kg。大豆氮肥利用效率及氮肥表观利用效率随着施氮量的升高逐渐降低,增加灌水量促进植株对氮素的吸收利用。W1N1处理氮肥贡献率最小,仅为12.23%,W3N2处理氮肥贡献率最大为43.24%。氮肥生理利用率随着灌水量的增加而增大,W3N2处理相对于W0N3处理增加了51.9%。W3N2处理相比W0N3处理减少10.32 kg/hm^2的硝态氮残留。【结论】在呼伦贝尔市阿荣旗地区推荐灌水量为1 400 m3/hm^2,施氮量为95 kg/hm^2。
【Objective】Rain-fed agriculture is susceptible to low and unstable yield and has a low fertilizer use efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways to improve these by taking Arongqi and Hulunbeier of Inner Mongolia as example.【Method】The experiment focused on soya bean. We considered three irrigation rates： 600 m^3/hm^2（W1）, 1 000 m^3/hm^2（W2） and 1 400 m^3/hm^2（W3）, and three nitrogen fertilizations： 70 kg/hm^2（N1）, 95 kg/hm^2（N2） and 120 kg/hm^2（N3）. We compared all above treatments with rain-fed either with N3 fertilizer application（W0 N3） or no fertilizer application at all（W0 N0）. For each treatment, we measured its nitrogen use efficiency, residual nitrogen content in the soil and yield of the soya beans.【Result】The water-fertilizer interaction had a great impact on yield. The W3-N2 reduced nitrogen application by 20.8%, yet increased the yield by59.2%. Reducing nitrogen application boosted plant uptake of the nitrogen, while excessive nitrogen application could result in antagonistic effect. Nitrogen uptake by the plant increased by 3.92 g/kg in W2 and W3 treatment compared with the conventional W0-N0 and W0-N3 treatment. Both fertilizer use efficiency of the soya bean and the apparent fertilizer use efficiency decreased as the nitrogen application increased. Increasing irrigation amount promoted plant nitrogen uptake efficiency and increased fertilizer use efficiency as a result. The fertilizer application was closely related to the yield. The contribution of fertilizer to yield at W1-N1 was the lowest, accounting for 12.23% only, while the contribution at W3-N2 was the highest, reaching 43.24%. The physiological nitrogen use rate increased with the increase in irrigation amount, of which W3-N2 increased by 51.9% compared to W0 N3. An appropriate combined application of water and nitrogen in W3 N2 reduced residual nitrogen in soil after harvest by 10.32 kg/hm^2 compared to W0 N3.【Conclusion】The recommended irrigation and nitrogen applications amount was 1 400 m3/hm^2 and 95 kg/hm^2 respectively.
作者
孙云岭
杨树青
刘德平
刘敏
符鲜
SUN Yunling;YANG Shuqing;LIU Deping;LIU Min;FU Xian(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第10期81-86,共6页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
大兴安岭南麓旱作大豆高效节水关键技术集成与示范(201502041)
关键词
大豆
水肥互作
氮肥利用率
氮素残留
soybean
interaction of water and nitrogen
fertilizer use efficiency
nitrogen residue
作者简介
孙云岭（1992-），男。硕士研究生，主要从事农业水土资源利用与水土环境调控研究。E-mail：1170340256@qq．com;通信作者：杨树青（1967-），女。博士生导师，主要从事农业水土资源利用与水土环境调控研究。E-mail：nnanaysq@126．com
