摘要
数据是明晰的,客观的,而信息本质上是主观的,隐含的和实践的,数据被个体理解之后才会转化成"他的"信息。人们在使用数据之前先会判断该数据的重要性,这种判断因人因时因地而异,而大数据本身并不能替个人做出这样的判断。信息分散在无数人的头脑中,不能被某个头脑或超级计算机集中掌握。个体确定目标后,才能决定把什么样的数据作为手段来实现自己的目标,否则他会在海量的数据面前不知所措。数据本身不能告诉人们未来他们应该做什么。另外,没有市场的运行,甚至数据本身都不可能产生。正确的进路应该是"让个体的知识得以充分利用",而不是何大安教授提出的"改善个体的认知"。何大安教授预设的"智慧大脑"类似于计划经济中的"中央计划委员会",他对"普通大脑"的认知和"智慧大脑"的认知趋同的欲求,也正如中央计划委员会试图让普通大众服从于它的指令。正是市场对分散信息的分散利用使个体在固有的认知局限的情况下也有可能实现自己的目标,而大数据不能扮演同样的角色。何大安教授有关认知与大数据的讨论仍属于新古典经济学的"最大化"范式,他没意识到市场是一个互动(交换)过程,最大化范式并不适用。
Data is different from information. The former is explicit and objective,but the latter is subjective,tacit and practical. The data turns into＂his information＂only when it is understood by him. People judge the importance of the data be-fore they use the data. Such judgments vary according to the circumstances,and the big data itself does not contain this kind of judgments. The information is scattered among numerous people＇s minds,which cannot be thoroughly gathered by a single person or a super computer. People first set up their targets and then decide to take certain kind of data as the means to achieve their goals. Otherwise,they will be totally lost in face of oceans of data. Data cannot tell people what they should do in the future. Furthermore,big data would never be produced without the running of the market. The right research line is to make the full use of individuals＇ knowledge rather than to improve their cognitions as is put forward by Prof. He Da＇an. The wise head presupposed by Prof. He is similar to the Central Planning Committee（ CPC） in the planned economy,and his desire of the convergence of the common head＇s cognition to the wise head is just like the CPC＇s desire of the common people＇s obedience to its order. It is the separated use of the discrete knowledge of the market that makes it possible for the individuals to achieve their objectives in spite of his inherent cognitive limitations,and the big data cannot play the same role. Prof. He＇s discussion of the issue of the cognition and big data belongs to the maximization category of the Neoclassical Economics,and he does not recognize that the market is a mutually interactive or exchanging process. The maximization category does not apply to it.
作者
朱海就
ZHU Hai-jiu(School of Economics,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)
出处
《浙江工商大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期80-90,共11页
Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University
关键词
大数据
认知
计划经济
市场经济
企业家精神
big data
cognition
planned economy
market economy
entrepreneurship
作者简介
朱海就，男，浙江工商大学经济学院教授，经济学博士，主要从事奥地利学派经济学研究。
