摘要
为探究长期牦牛放牧干扰对高寒草地的影响,本研究分析了不同放牧强度下的牧草地上、地下生物量,植物物种丰富度、种群密度,表层(0-10 cm)土壤含水量、土壤温度,以及牧草营养品质等。结果表明,1)牦牛放牧强度对牧草地上、地下生物量有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其中,在放牧压力为零的对照区牧草地上生物量最大,约418.15 g·m-2;在高强度(6.5牦牛·hm-2)放牧下,牧草地下生物量显著高于其他各处理(P<0.05);2)高强度放牧干扰降低了植被物种丰富度,但对植被群落密度、可食与不可食牧草生物量比重影响不显著(P>0.05);放牧强度对高寒草甸表层土壤(0-10 cm)含水量和地表温度(0-10 cm)有显著影响(P<0.05),随着放牧强度增大,表层土壤含水量总体呈下降趋势,地表温度呈递增趋势;3)放牧强度对牧草品质也有一定影响,但各放牧强度之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,适宜强度的牦牛放牧可能会促进牧草地下生物量生长,潜在影响不同经济类群的比重,维持高寒草甸生态系统健康。
To study the effects of the intensity of yak grazing on the characteristics of plant communities and forage quality in alpine meadows under the effect of long-term yak grazing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau（ Maqu County,Gansu Province）,this study analyzed aboveground and belowground biomass,species richness,density of plant communities,surface soil water content at a depth of 0-10 cm,soil temperature,nutritive quality of forage,and correlation among other aspects. The results showed that： 1） Yak grazing significantly（ P 0. 01） affected above-and belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass was the highest in the non-grazed area（ 418. 15 g·m-2）; contrastingly,belowground biomass was significantly higher（ P 0. 05） in the farm with high-intensity grazing compared with the other area. 2） The density of plant communities and proportion of the biomass of edible grass were not significantly（ P 0. 05） affected by grazing,while species richness was significantly reduced in the farms with moderate and high-intensity grazing compared with the non-grazed area. Moreover,surface soil water content at a depth of 0-10 cm was significantly（ P 0. 05） lower in the farm with high-grazing intensity compared with the non-grazed area,and contrastingly soil temperature was significantly higher. 3） The intensity of yak grazing similarly affected forage quality; however,the difference was not significant（ P 0. 05） under the effect of long-term yak grazing. Therefore,yak grazing with moderate intensity may effectively promote the growth of underground biomass,which potentially affects different economic groups,biomass proportion,and forage quality,and maintains the health of the ecosystem.
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
2018年第1期18-26,共9页
Pratacultural Science
基金
国家自然科学青年基金项目(31402118)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501904-02)
甘肃省退牧还草科技支撑(GH2016-TMHC001)
关键词
青藏高原
生物量
丰富度
群落结构
土壤含水量
生态系统
玛曲
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
biomass
species richness
community structure
soil water content
ecosystem
Maqu County
作者简介
柴林荣（1990-）,男,甘肃武山人,在读硕士生,研究方向为放牧管理.E-mail：chailr15@lzu.edu.cn;通信作者：程云湘（1977-）,女,山东菏泽人,副教授,硕导,博士,研究方向为草地管理.E-mail：chengyx@lzu.edu.cn
