摘要
《婚姻法司法解释二》确立夫妻共同债务推定规则,夫妻双方就此承担连带清偿责任,非举债的夫妻一方即使"卸下婚姻",仍"背上债务",此类案件数量之多,社会影响之大,引发全面反思。从解释论分析,我国《婚姻法》立法层面并非明确夫妻共同债务的连带清偿责任,江苏省高级人民法院(2014)苏民再提字第0057号民事判决书作出非举债方以夫妻共同财产为限清偿夫妻共同债务的判决,值得研究。就债的相对性,非举债方没有参与缔结夫妻共同债务,没有作出举债的意思表示,债权人无法从此债中推出非举债方以其个人财产为此清偿的承诺。夫妻共同债务既不是共有物之债,也不是合伙之债,非举债方仅是因为在夫妻共同生活过程中享有举债方带来的债务利益,故非举债方正是基于夫妻共同生活才承担夫妻共同债务的清偿责任,其个人财产与夫妻共同生活无关。因此夫妻共同债务清偿责任不涉及非举债方的个人财产,即使是婚后所得共同财产制,非举债方清偿夫妻共同债务的责任财产也只能限制在共同财产范围内,不存在以非举债方的个人财产承担连带清偿夫妻共同债务的责任基础。《婚姻法司法解释二》就连带清偿责任的扩张解释,将交易安全颠覆婚姻安全,使得婚姻的缔结成为夫妻共同债务连带清偿的当然归责,应予以纠正。非举债方的清偿夫妻共同债务的责任财产应与婚后所得共同财产制相对应,以夫妻共同财产为限。
The presumption of joint debt is set by Interpretation of the Supreme People＇s Court about Several Problems Concerning the Application of the Marriage Law of the People＇s Republic of China II. Both of the husband and wife have joint liabilities for the joint debt, including the non-contractor, even though there is no marriage any more. Those cases increase recently. It is not good for the society and leads us to a comprehensive reflection. The joint liability of joint debt is not clarified in Marriage Law from the legislative aspect on interpretation. It is worthy to study the ease of Su Civil ZaiTi 2014 No.0057 issued by the higher people＇s court in Jiangsu Province. According to the debt relativity regulation, the non-contractor has no statement of the debt and creditors could not have the prom- ise of the non-contractor to clear off the debt. The joint debt of husband and wife is not debt of rescommunes, nor debt of partnership. The non-contractor gets the debt interests from the contractor during the together life under which the non-contractor has the joint liability of the debt, though the personal property has nothing to do with the together life. Therefore, the personal property is not included by the joint liability. The joint liability is limited in the joint property for the non-contractor under the community property system during together life. There is no liability for the non-contractor to clear off the debt by the personal property. The liability of the joint debt should be corrected from the enlarged explanation of joint liability and the exaggerated security of transaction in Interpretation of the Supreme People＇s Court about Several Problems Concerning the Application of the Marriage Law of the People＇s Republic of China II. The liability of non-contractor should be limited by the joint property corresponding with the community property system.
出处
《政法论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期110-117,共8页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
司法部2014年课题"家庭财产保护法律问题研究"(14SFB20027)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
夫妻共同债务
个人财产
共同财产
连带清偿责任
有限清偿责任
joint debt of husband and wife
personal property
joint property
joint liability
limited liability
作者简介
何丽新（1966-），女，福建闽清人，法学博士，厦门大学法学院教授、博士生导师，研究方向为婚姻家庭法、商法。
