摘要
石器作为人类物质文化的记录者,在史前人类的生产生活中占据着重要地位,对石器功能和使用方式的探讨是考古学关注的问题之一。目前国内石器研究的主要手段是从器物形态出发,进行类型学的研究,针对石器具体功能及使用方式的实证研究较为缺乏,对磨制石器的研究尤为不足。有鉴于此,本研究以中原地区舞阳贾湖遗址出土的磨制石器为研究对象,利用微痕分析和实验考古的方法,对石器的功能、使用方式及加工对象进行分析和判断。结果表明:石镰的主要功能是收割禾本科植物;石刀主要用于加工禾本科植物、木材和兽骨等;石斧的功能主要是加工木材,另外还可能承担加工兽皮和兽骨的工作;石锛的主要功能与木作有关;石凿在形态上有所区别,但其加工对象主要是木材;石铲的功能以掘土为主。微痕分析的结果使我们对贾湖聚落磨制石器的功能有了客观的认识,可以看出石器的功能并不单一,广泛存在着"一器多用"的现象。本研究从石器使用的角度,揭示了史前人类的生产活动和行为特点,同时也为研究先民的生业经济状况提供了重要材料。
Stone tools play an important role in prehistory human life, the function and use of these tools has been one of the issues that archaeologists focus on. Nowadays, studies on stone tools are still concentrated on classification, lacking of empirical study, especially for ground stone tools. In this paper, use-wear analysis and experimental archaeology were applied on stone tools at Jiahu Site to investigate their functions and use.A total of 41 polished stone tools, including 8 sickles, 7 knives, 7 axes, 6 adzes, 5 chisels and 8 shovels were selected for use-wear analysis at the Jiahu site, they were observed under a metallurgical microscope. We focus on the characters of polish and the distribution of striations, then analyze the possible functions of these stone tools.The results show that stone sickles were mainly used to harvest grass; knives were mainly used to process grass, wood and animal bones; axes were used to process wood, and also undertook part of work on processing animal hides and bones; the function of adzes were related to wood procession; chisels, although different in shape, were both used to process woods; the main function of shovels was digging. This result provides us more information about the function of ground stone tools at the Jiahu site. Some artifacts preserved a range of use-wear pattems best matching multiple tasks indicating multi-functions use. From the perspective of stone tools, this study reveals the production activities and behavior characteristics of prehistoric human beings, and also provides an important basis for the study of the survival strategies of ancient people.
出处
《人类学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期478-498,共21页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB953800)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41472148)
中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2017T100456)共同资助
作者简介
崔启龙（1988-），男，汉族，河南焦作人，中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系博士研究生，主要从事中国新石器时代考古研究。E-mail：qlcui@mail．ustc．edu．cn
通信作者：张居中，E-mail：juzhzh@ustc．edu．cn
