摘要
In order to promote the quality of brick tea and reduce its fluoride content, the fluoride contents in leaves of 25 tea varieties at the .stage of one bud and five leaves were determined by the method of fluodde-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that the fluodde contents in the 25 varieties were in the range of 181.92-345.06 mg/kg, end the fluoride content in ＇Zhongcha 302＇ was the lowest. Based on traditional production process of brick tea, 3 new low-fluoride brick tea production processes with ＇Zhongcha 302＇ as the raw material at the stage of one bud and five leaves were constructed. The fluoride content, physicochemical in- dex, sensory end main chemical contents in the brick tea samples were determined. The best processing process of Iow-fluodde brick tea was process 3, which included aldng, fixing, rolling, second fixing, second roiling, sun-drying, pile-fermentation, steaming, pile-fermentation, drying and shaping into brick by vapor treating. The re- sults showed that the fluoride content and physicochemical index of the brick tea sample of the third low-fluoride brick tea production process accorded with National Standard GB/T 9833.4-2013. The sensory evaluation of the brick tea sample was better than that of brick tea manufacture by the traditional process. The water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and water-soluble sugar in the brick tea sample increased by 9.41%, 36.39%, 26.94%, 27.23% and 15.29%, respectively. Low-fluodds bdck tea could be produced by selecting low fluoride tea varieties, controlling the tondemess of fresh leaves, and optimizing the processing technique.
为提高砖茶品质,有效降低氟含量,用氟离子选择电极法测定25个不同茶树品种1芽5叶原料的氟含量,这些茶树品种氟含量为181.92~345.06 mg/kg,‘中茶302’是含氟量最低的茶树品种。以1芽5叶‘中茶302’为原料,在参照传统砖生产工艺的基础上,优化出3条砖茶生产工艺,生产低氟砖茶。比较砖茶氟含量、理化指标、内含成分检测及感官审评,结果表明:最优生产工艺为工艺3,即鲜叶→摊放→杀青→揉捻→复炒→复揉→晒→渥堆→蒸→渥堆→炒干→蒸、压砖→砖茶,该工艺所制砖茶氟含量、理化指标符合国家标准(GB/T9833.4-2013);感官品质优于传统砖茶;水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、可溶性糖比传统砖茶增加了9.41%、36.39%、26.94%、27.23%、15.29%。通过选用低氟砖茶品种,控制原料嫩度,优化砖茶加工工艺,能实现砖茶的低氟优质。
基金
四川省农科院青年基金项目(2012QNJJ-014)
国家现代农业产业技术体系"茶产业技术体系绿茶加工岗位"(CARS-23)~~
作者简介
李兰英（1983-），女，四川内江人,助理研究员,硕士研究生，主要从事茶叶质量控制研究及茶园病虫害综合治理研究。E-mail：lly421@163．com。通讯作者，E-mail：sctcawl@163．com。
