摘要
目的了解近年来上海市松江区乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)报告发病及血清感染免疫现状,评价控制效果,为进一步采取措施提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学对2006-2015年上海市松江区乙肝的报告发病情况进行分析,对2014年全国乙肝血清流行病学调查松江区国家调查点数据进行乙肝感染情况的分析。结果 2006-2015年累计报告乙肝6 339例,发病率为54.14/10万,总体呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=296.850,P=0.000),其中急性乙肝报告发病率为7.35/10万,远低于慢性乙肝报告发病率45.09/10万(χ~2=3 179.779,P=0.000),均呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=487.127,P=0.000;χ_(趋势)~2=42.415,P=0.000)。乙肝报告发病率35~岁年龄组最高,40岁之前发病率随着年龄增加呈升高趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=1 388.621,P=0.000),之后发病率随着年龄增加而下降(χ_(趋势)~2=493.030,P=0.000)。20~54岁为乙肝的高发年龄。男性发病率(77.79/10万)高于女性(28.95/10万),其中急性、慢性乙肝和乙肝未分类中男性发病率均高于女性(P<0.01)。1~29岁常住人口血清学调查人群HBs Ag阳性率为0.47%,anti-HBs阳性率为58.60%。明确乙肝疫苗接种182人,接种率为84.65%,其中15岁以下儿童乙肝疫苗接种率为100%。调查人群性别间乙肝感染免疫标记物阳性率及疫苗接种情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。15岁以下未检出HBs Ag阳性。1~岁组anti-HBs阳性率分别高于5~岁组(χ~2=17.038,P=0.000)和15~29岁组(χ~2=5.502,P=0.019),而后两个年龄组anti-HBs阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.835,P=0.092)。anti-HBc阳性率随年龄增长而升高(P<0.05)。结论 2006-2015年上海市松江区乙肝防控效果较好,特别是免疫规划乙肝疫苗覆盖人群效果显著。
Objective To investigate the reported incidence of hepatitis B and the current status of its serum immunization in recent years in Songjiang District of Shanghai, to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B control so as to provide a basis for further adopting measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the reported incidence of hepatitis B in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2006 to 2015. Seroepidemiological data from a national seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B in the survey site of Songjiang District in 2014 were used to analyze the infection status of hepatitis B virus. Results A total of 6,339 cases of hepatitis B were accumulatively reported in Songjiang District from 2006 to 2015. The incidence rate was 54.14/ 100,000, and showed a declined tendency （x2trend 296. 850, P= 0.000）. The incidence rate of acute hepatitis B was significantlylower than that of chronic hepatitis B （7.35/100,000 vs. 45.09/100,000, X2= 3,179. 779, P = 0.000 } , and both the incidence X2 X2 rates showed a declined tendency （ x2trend=487.127, P=0.000; x2trend=42.415, P=0.000）. The reported incidence rate of hepatitis B was the highest in the age group of 35- years. The incidence rate before 40 years old increased with the increment of age （ x2trend = 1,388.621, P = 0.000） , while that after 40 years old decreased with the increment of age （x2trend= 493.030, P = 0.000）. The high-risk age of hepatitis B infection was 20-54 years old. The incidence rate of males （77.79/100,000） was higher than that of fe- males （28.95/100,000} , of which the incidence rates of males with acute hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis B and undifferentiated hepatitis B were all higher than those of females （ all P〈0.01 ）. The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in resident population aged 1-29 years during the national seroepidemiological survey was 0.47% and 58.60% respcctivdy. 182 participants were con- firmed to receive hepatitis B vaccine, and the vaccination rate was 84.65%, of which the vaccination rate of children aged less than 15 years was 100.00%. No statistically significant differences were found in the positive rate of HBV immunological marker and use of HBV vaccine between the two genders （both P〉0.05）. HBsAg seropositivity was not detected among children aged below 15 years. The anti-HBs positive rate of the age group of 1- year was higher than those of the age groups of 5- years （X2 = 17.038, P =0. 000） and 15-29 years （X2= 5.502, P=0.019）, but no statistically significant difference was found in the anti-HBs positive rate between the age groups of 5- years and 15-29 years （X2 =2.835, P=0.092）. The anti-HBc positive rate increased with the increment of age （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Good results are achieved in the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Songjiang District of Shanghai in 2006-2015, especially among people received hepatitis B vaccine in the National Immunization Program.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2017年第6期716-719,共4页
Practical Preventive Medicine
作者简介
张清慧（1980-），女，黑龙江讷河人，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：传染病预防与控制。
