摘要
城市聚集了世界50%的人口和70%以上的碳排放,然而,每个城市的碳排放不确定度很大,50%~100%的数据误差是很常见的。对温室气体浓度的时空分布特征及碳排放测量反演的基本思路进行了介绍。目前美国国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)正在资助开展若干个城市/城市群碳排放测量试点项目,利用自上而下的方法,基于温室气体浓度测量和精确的城市尺度大气输移扩散模式,反演推算城市区域的碳排放通量。对NIST正在开展的研究进行了综述,并对中国计量科学研究院未来在该领域的工作进行了展望。
Urbanization has concentrated over 50% of the global population and more than 70% of the carbon emissions. Uncertainties in carbon emissions are very large or unknown at the spatial scale of individual cities, and 50% to 100% errors are not uncommon. The temporal and spatial distribution of greenhouse gas concentration is introduced, and the basic idea of carbon emission inversion model is described. Current NIST funded studies in several cities using top-down approach to estimate carbon emissions. Based on measurement of greenhouse gas concentration and accurate dispersion models that can operate at the city scale, carbon emissions in urban area can be estimated by inversion method. NIST researches are summarized and future works in this field by NIM of China are in plan.
出处
《计量学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第1期7-12,共6页
Acta Metrologica Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑项目(2013BAK12B01)
国家国际科技合作专项(2012DFA7181)
关键词
计量学
城市碳排放
温室气体
浓度
大气模式
反演模型
metrology
urban carbon emission
greenhouse gas
concentration
dispersion model
inversion model
作者简介
胡鹤鸣（1980-），男，河北衡水人，中国计量科学研究院副研究员，博士，研究方向为流量计量、低碳计量。Huhm@nim．ac．cn
