摘要
张仲景将脉象以其相关属性一分为二,并以"阴阳"统称之,以寸为阳、尺为阴,诊脉以浮取为阳、沉取为阴。《伤寒论》将复杂的人体正常的生理机能以其属性概而分之为阴阳,认为只要"阴阳自和",则疾病即可痊愈,也间接说明人体的正常生理状态是"阴阳和",疾病的本质是"阴阳不和"。这里的阴阳显然不是指具体的物质,而是对人体生理("体")和功能("用")的规定、概括和分类。在《伤寒论》中,张仲景使用"三阴三阳"来命名外感疾病的不同类型和不同病位,称为太阳病、阳明病、少阳病、太阴病、少阴病、厥阴病。太阳、阳明、少阳、太阴、少阴、厥阴这六个概念,原本是阴、阳的分化,一阴分为三阴,一阳分为三阳,既是对经脉的划分,又是对六气(厥阴风气、少阴热气、太阴湿气、少阳火气、阳明燥气、太阳寒气)的阴阳划分,也是对脏、腑(太阴肺、脾,少阴心、肾,厥阴肝、心包络,太阳膀胱、小肠,阳明胃、大肠,少阳胆、三焦)的阴阳划分。可以看出,在《伤寒论》中,阴阳主要是用来分类的,而阴阳所指代的具体事物则是由事物的阴阳属性演化而来。张仲景将阴阳学说具体的运用到临床实际,没有用"阴阳"去进行过多的理论演绎,而是用了最原始和简单的方法,用阴阳对疾病的诊断、治疗和预后判断进行提纲挈领、执简驭繁的规定和分类,这是符合临床实际的。
Zhang Zhong-jing divides pulse condition into two：＂ yin and Yang＂. The Cun pulse is regarded as yang,while the Chi pulse is regarded as yin. During diagnosis, floating pulse is regarded as yang, while sinking pulse is regarded as yin. Treatise on Cold-Damaged Diseases divides complex normal human body physiological function into yin and yang,and thinks that reestablish- ment of yin normal body＇s normal physiological state is ＂harmony of yin and Yang＂ ,and the nature of a disease is ＂disharmony of yin and Yang＂. Here, yin and yang dearly do not refer to specific substances, but rule, summary and classification of human phys- iology （＂body＂）,and features （＂ use＂）. In Treatise on Cold-Damaged Diseases,Zhang Zbong-jing uses ＂ three yin and three yang＂ for naming different types and sites of exogenous diseases：taiyang disease,yangming disease,shaoyang disease,taiyin dis- ease, shaoyin disease and jueyin disease. The six concepts （ taiyang, yangming, shaoyang, taiyin, shaoyin and jueyin） are originally the differentiation of yin and yang. One yin is divided into three yin,and one yang is divided into three yang, which is not only the differentiation of meridians, but also the yin-yang differentiation of six qi （jueyin wind qi, shaoyin hot qi ,taiyin damp qi, shaoyang fire qi,yangming dry. qi and taiyang cold qi,as well as the yin-yang differentiation of zang-organs and fu-organs （ the lung and spleen of taiyin;the heart and kidney of shaoyin;the liver and pericardium of jueyin;the urinary bladder and small intestine of taiyang;the stomach and large intestine of yangming;bladder and triple energizer of shaoyang）. It is clear that in Treatise on Cold- Damaged Diseases, yin and yang are mainly used for classification. The specific subject of yin and Yang is evolved from properties of yin and Yang. In clinical practice ,Zhang Zhong-jing does not give excessive deduction ,but uses the most original and simple way to diagnose, treat and prevent diseases, which conforms to clinical practice.
出处
《河南中医》
2016年第4期562-564,共3页
Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine
关键词
“阴”
“阳”
《伤寒论》
张仲景
＂yin＂
＂ yang＂
Treatise on Cold-Damaged Diseases
ZHANG Zhong-jing
作者简介
赵肖帆（1989一），男，山西临汾人，医学学士，硕士研究生。
肖相如，E—mail：xx00009@sina．com
