摘要
目的了解深圳地区5岁以下儿童肺炎流行特征与病原学特点。方法收集2012-2014年间深圳地区139 066例5岁以下儿童肺炎住院病例资料,对病例的年龄分布、时间分布、病原学特点进行统计分析。结果 5岁以下儿童肺炎病例占同时期、同年龄段住院总病例数的29.01%,5岁以下儿童肺炎的发病高峰集中在3-8月份,1岁以内病例占总数的58.04%,在有病原学诊断的病例中,位列前4位的病原体是肺炎支原体(52.47%)、肺炎链球菌(9.07%)、流感嗜血杆菌(6.76%)和呼吸道合胞病毒(6.23%),四种病原体病例的季节分布和年龄分布不同(P<0.001)。肺炎支原体肺炎秋夏两季多发,肺炎链球菌肺炎四季均有发生,流感嗜血杆菌肺炎春季高发,呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎夏季多发。肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎多发于1岁以内婴儿,肺炎支原体肺炎多发于2岁以上儿童。结论深圳地区5岁以下儿童肺炎发病有明显的季节性,年龄在1岁以内的婴儿为主要发病群体。位列前4位的病原体是肺炎支原体、肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和呼吸道合胞病毒,四种病原体病例的季节分布和年龄分布不同。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of pneumonia in children aged 〈5 years in Shenzhen. Methods The medical records of 139,066 children aged 〈5 years with pneumonia in Shenzhen from 2012 to 2014 were collected. Statistical analysis was performed on age distribution, time distribution and etiological characteristics of the patients. Results The cases of childhood pneumonia aged 〈5 years accounted for 29.01% of the total hospitalized cases at the same time and with the same age. The incidence peak fell between March and August. The cases aged 〈 1 year accounted for 58.04%. For the cases with etiological diagnosis, the top four pathogens were myeoplasma pneumoniae （ 52.47% ） , streptococcus pneurnoniae （9.07%）, haemophilus influenzae （6.76%） and respiratory syncytial virus （6.23%）. Season distribution and age distribution of the cases with the four pathogens were different （P〈0.001）. Mycoplasma pneumonia was more prevalent in autumn and summer. Streptococcus pneumonia occurred in four seasons similarly. Haemophilus influenza was more prevalent in spring and respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia more in summer. Streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenza and respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia occurred more in children aged 〈 1 year, while mycoplasma pneumonia occurred more in children aged 〉2 years. Conclusions The incidence of pneumonia in children aged 〈5 years in Shenzhen has obviously seasonal characteristics. Children aged 〈 1 year are predominantly affected. The top four responsible pathogens are mycoplasma pneumonia, streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Season and age distribution of the cases with the four pathogens are different.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2016年第6期701-704,共4页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
儿童
肺炎
流行特征
病原学
Children
Pneumonia
Epidemiologic characteristic
Etiology
作者简介
靳淑雁（1982-），女，研究生，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病控制。
