摘要
核能利用从未止步,人类对核安全的认识也在不断加深。在福岛核事故5周年和切尔诺贝利核事故30周年之际,文章针对革新型核能系统,从安全目标、设计理念、安全评价和风险认知4个方面对核安全研究进行了回顾与思考,指出当前存在的问题及面临的挑战,探讨未来发展趋势,并提出"四项革新"的建议:(1)安全目标从技术重返社会;(2)通过革新型反应堆技术,避免无限制复杂化纵深防御来解决安全问题;(3)重视理论引导的安全评价方法,采用系统化评价体系;(4)在政府/工业界/社会之间建立"第三方"并通过其发挥桥梁和纽带作用等。
It is known that the evolution of the public perception of nuclear safety is continuing with the development of nuclear energy. As a commemoration of the 30 th anniversary of Chernobyl nuclear disaster and also the 5th anniversary of Fukushima nuclear disaster, in this paper the history of nuclear safety R＆D was reviewed for the innovative nuclear energy systems, mainly concentrating on four aspects including safety goal, safety criteria, safety assessment, and risk perception. On this basis, the key challenges were summarized as well as the development trend. Furthermore, ＂four innovations＂ were proposed for the nuclear safety R＆D in the future： ＂innovation of safety goal＂ ensuring the safety goal to be society-based rather than technology-based; ＂innovation of safety design＂ implementing the innovative reactor technology for inherent safety rather than only increasing the complexity of defense in depth; ＂innovation of safety assessment＂ relying on the theoretical guidance and systematic assessment; and ＂innovation of risk perception＂ establishing the ＂third party＂ evaluation system to interact among government, industry, and society.
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSCD
2016年第5期567-573,共7页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
中科院战略性先导科技专项(XDA03010 100
XDA03040000)
国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项(ITER"973"
2014GB112000)
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(91026004)
关键词
安全目标
设计理念
安全评价
风险认知
第三方
safety goal
safety criteria
safety assessment
risk perception
third-party
作者简介
吴宜灿 中科院核能安全技术所所长，研究员，博士生导师，中科院中子输运理论与辐射安全重点实验室主任，FDS团队负责人。长期从事核能科学与工程、辐射医学物理及应用、计算机仿真与软件工程等多学科交叉研究。主持国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）国际合作计划重大专项、国家“863”、“973”计划、中科院战略性先导科技专项等项目20余项。在学术刊物和国际会议上累计发表学术论文200余篇、国际学术会议邀请报告30余次。曾获国家能源科技进步奖一等奖和中国核能行业协会科学技术奖一等奖等10余项、国家发明专利30余项。兼任国际能源署（IEA）聚变能环境安全与经济合作协议执委会主席、国际原子能机构（IAEA）顾问专家、ITER核安全专家组成员、中国辐射防护学会副理事长等学术职务。E-mail：yican．wu@fds．org．cn
