摘要
曲棍球是一个跑量大（8 000-10 000 m）、以80%左右中低强度跑为主、以30-40次5-20 m高强度反复冲刺为核心强度的运动项目,比赛过程中的中低强度和高强度运动的比例约为1∶3-4。世界强队比赛的平均心率约为150次/min,心率区间位于84-95%HRmax次最大强度的运动时间占到比赛时间的一半以上,不同位置的运动员具有不同的比赛强度特点。世界优秀男子选手平均身高约180 cm、体重约79kg,最大摄氧量约为64 ml/kg·min;优秀女子选手平均身高约168 cm、平均体重约67 kg、最大摄氧量约为54 ml/kg·min。中长传球是攻入前场（25码区）的有效战术,弧内的短传配合以及射门后的跟进补射是取得进球的主要战术;短角球是曲棍球比赛中重要的得分手段,约占到总进球数的46.7%,拉射战术是短角球中主要的进攻手段。世界优秀男、女曲棍球运动员与我国选手的比较数据显示,我国女子运动员的跑量和短距离多次冲刺能力已达到世界优秀水平,而男子运动员的全场奔跑能力则存在明显差距。在技术上,我国运动员需要提升前场任意球进攻战术、弧内短传进攻以及射门技术的能力,在短角球的运用和成功率上我国运动员与世界优秀选手仍然存在较大的差距。
Field hockey is a sport that has large running distance（ 8000-10000m） that is constituted by 80% lowmoderate intensity running distance and 30-40 times high intensity 5-20 m sprints. And the ratio of low-moderate intensity to high intensity is nearing to 1∶3 - 4. The average heart rate of top-level team is 150 beats / min in field hockey matches,and the exercise time of sub-maximal intensity（ heart rate at 84-95% HRmax） is more than half in whole matches＇ time; besides,field hockey players in different positions have different exercising intensities in matches. The average height,weight and VO2maxof elite male field hockey players are 180 cm,79kg,64 ml / kg /min respectively,and elite female players＇ are 168 cm,67kg,54 ml / kg / min respectively. Long pass is the effective attacking tactic to get into 25 yards area,and combination in the arc and playing rebounds are the main tactics to get goals; furthermore,penalty corner is the most important score mean（ 46. 7% of goals） in field hockey matches,and drag flick is the major choice in tactics of penalty corner. The comparison of data between world elite field hockey players and Chinese field hockey players reveals that the matches＇ total running distance and repeatedsprint capability of Chinese female field hockey players have reached elite-level of world field hockey; however,Chinese male field hockey players still have a big gap in matches＇ total running distance with elite field hockey players. In the technical respects,Chinese field hockey players need to improve the capability in these aspects,such as attacking tactics of free hit,combination in the arc and shooting skill. What＇s more,the success rate and utilization of penalty corner of Chinese field hockey players still have a big gap with elite field hockey players.
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期137-145,共9页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目(13BTY049)
浙江省教育科学规划课题(GH2015132)
关键词
曲棍球
专项特征
训练
启示
field hockey
specific characteristics
training
enlightenment
作者简介
蔡旭旦，硕士研究生，研究方向运动生理和运动训练学。
