摘要
为探明南方旱地土壤氮磷盈余问题,以湖南省浏阳市河潮土为研究对象,通过田间小区试验,探讨玉米减量施肥旱地磷损失的影响。结果表明：与不施磷肥（T1）相比,各施肥处理径流总磷,可溶性磷,颗粒态磷流失量均有不同程度的增加,常量钙镁磷肥（T2）和常量过磷酸钙（T3）2个施肥处理之间相比,施用钙镁磷肥的流失风险相对较大,而施用过磷酸钙可降低总磷流失13.69%。与施用常量过磷酸钙（T3）相比,磷肥减量10%~30%各处理（T4、T5、T6）的总磷径流损失量分别降低了4.18%,10.31%和24.30%。另外,可溶性磷中,以可溶性有机磷为主,与常量过磷酸钙相比,磷肥减量10%~30%的3个处理（T4、T5、T6）的可溶性无机磷流失分别降低了14.96%,19.11%和22.16%,可溶性有机磷分别降低了0.16%,21.60%和24.34%。另外,各施磷肥处理（T2、T3、T4、T5、T6）的渗漏流失总磷及可溶性磷量均显著高于不施磷处理（T1）,说明施磷肥是导致磷素流失增加的重要因素。与常量过磷酸钙相比,磷肥减量10%~30%后的总磷及可溶性磷渗漏淋失量均显著减少,且随着磷肥施用量的减少淋失量而不断降低,其中渗漏总磷分别降低了18.38%,22.06%和31.62%,渗漏可溶性磷淋失量分别减少32.81%,40.63%和46.88%。
To explore excess phosphorus in the hilly upland of south China,the alluvial soil in Liuyang city of Hunan province was studied through a field plot experiment in order to discuss the effect of fertilization reduction on the leaching of phosphorus in maize land.The results showed that,compared with treatment without phosphorus fertilizer（T1）,all treatments of phosphorus fertilization could increase the leaching amount of runoff phosphorus,soluble phosphorus,and particulate phosphorus in different degrees.By comparison of 2treatments,constant calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer（T2）and constant superphosphate fertilizer（T3）,the application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer resulted in larger loss of phosphorus,while the use of superphosphate fertilizer could reduce the loss of total phosphorus by 13.69%.Compared with the constant application of superphosphate fertilizer（T3）,10%~30%reduction of phosphate fertilizer treatments（T4,T5 and T6）reduced the total phosphorus runoff losses by 4.18%,10.31%,and24.30%,respectively.The soluble phosphorus was mainly composed of soluble organic phosphorus.Compar ed with the constant superphosphate fertilizer,3treatments of 10%~30% reduction of phosphate fertilizer（T4,T5,and T6）decreased the loss of inorganic phosphorus by 14.96%,19.11%and 22.16%,respectively,and reduced organic phosphorus by 0.16%,21.60%and 24.34%,respectively.In addition,the losses of total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus under the fertilizer treatments（T2~T6）were significantly higher than those in no fertilizer treatment（T1）,presenting that application of phosphate fertilizer was an importantfactor leading to the increase of phosphorus loss.Compared with the constant superphosphate fertilizer treatment,10%~30% reduction of phosphate fertilizer remarkably reduced total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus leakage.With the decrease of fertilizer application,the amount of phosphorus leaching dropped constantly,while total phosphorus leakage decreased by 18.38%,22.06%and 31.62%in T4,T5 and T6,respectively,and leakage of soluble phosphorus decreased by 32.81%,40.63%and 46.88%,respectively.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期106-110,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
南方丘陵山地农区农业面源防控技术集成与示范项目(2012BAD15B04)
湖南省科技厅重点项目(2013NK2002)
湖南省科技计划项目(2013NK3046)
湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目(12K065)
关键词
减磷
磷流失
reduced phosphorus fertilization
phosphorus loss
作者简介
龚蓉（1989-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事植物营养生理与生态研究。E—mail：gr8836534@163．com
通信作者：刘强（1951-），男，博士，教授，主要从事植物营养生理与生态研究。E-mail：lq8053@hunau．net
张玉平（1974-），男，博士，教授，主要从事植物营养生理与环境生态研究。E-mail：zhyp2003@126．com
