摘要
本试验旨在研究不同处理水稻秸秆对瘤胃发酵模式、甲烷产量和微生物区系的影响。以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,各处理分别以干秸秆(对照)、青贮秸秆、氨化秸秆和碱化秸秆为发酵底物,通过体外产气量法,测定培养72 h内的产气量、甲烷产量、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物区系的变化。结果表明:青贮、氨化和碱化处理均显著增加了秸秆体外培养72 h的产气量和24 h的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P<0.05),碱化处理显著增加了72 h的甲烷产量(P<0.05),青贮和氨化处理显著增加了24 h的丙酸含量(P<0.05),显著降低了乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05)。各处理中以碱化秸秆的产气量(220.3 m L)和甲烷产量(43.23 m L)最高。与未处理的干秸秆相比,氨化和碱化处理显著提高了体外培养24 h培养液中琥珀酸丝状杆菌的相对数量(P<0.05),氨化处理显著降低了甲烷菌的相对数量(P<0.05),而各处理对培养液中的白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、真菌和原虫的相对数量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,对水稻秸秆进行青贮、氨化和碱化处理,可以不同程度地改变体外瘤胃的发酵模式、甲烷生成以及瘤胃微生物区系的组成;从甲烷减排角度考虑,可选择青贮和氨化的处理方式。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treated rice straws on pattern, meth- ane production and microflora of in vitro ruminal fermentation. Three Holstein cows fitted with permanent ru- men fistulas were used as the donor of rumen fluid. Untreated dry rice straw （ control）, rice straw silage, ami- nated rice straws and alkalified rice straws were used as substrates, and the changes of gas production, methane production, ruminal fermentation parameters, as well as ruminal microbes during 72 h incubation were deter- mined using in vitro gas production method. The results showed as follows ： the treatments of silage, ammonia- tion and alkalization significantly increased 72 h gas production and 24 h total volatile fatty acid concentration of rice straws incubated in vitro （P〈0.05）, the treatment of alkalization significantly increased 72 h methane production （P〈0.05）, and the treatments of silage and ammoniation significantly increased 24 h propionate content （P〈0.05） and significantly decreased acetate/propionate （P〈0.05）. Among all the treatments, gas production （220.3 mL） and methane production （43.23 mL） were the highest in the treatment of alkalization （P〈0.05）. Compared with untreated dried rice straws, the treatments of ammoniation and alkalization signifi- cantly increased the relative number of F. succinogenes in culture medium after 24 h in vitro incubation （P〈 0.05） , and that of ammoniation significantly decreased the relative number of Methanogens （P〈0.05） , how- ever, different treatments had no significant effects on the relative number of R. albus, R.flave faciens, proto- zoa and fungi （P〉0.05）. It is concluded that treatments of rice straw, such as silage, ammoniation and alkali- zation can change pattern, methane production and microflora of in vitro ruminal fermentation; considering from methane production control, the treatments of silage and ammoniation are optional.
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期1632-1640,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
黑龙江省教育厅科技项目(12511036)
东北农业大学科学研究基金(2010RCB33)
关键词
水稻秸秆
青贮
氨化
碱化
瘤胃发酵
甲烷
微生物区系
rice straw
silage
ammoniation
alkalization
rumen fermentation
methane
microflora
作者简介
辛杭书（1982-），女，辽宁抚顺人，副教授，博士，主要从事反刍动物营养研究。E-mail：xinhangshu@163．com
