摘要
目的 探讨抗菌药物用药频度与医院细菌耐药率的相关性.方法 从四川省广安市人民医院2010年1月至2012年12月的医院信息系统获取使用抗菌药物的种类和消耗量数据.收集同期送检标本信息,所有标本均进行细菌分离、接种和培养,经药敏试验了解细菌耐药率,分析各类抗菌药物的用药频度和常见细菌的耐药率,并对二者进行相关性分析.结果 抗菌药物使用量逐年递增,前4位是头孢菌素类、氟喹诺酮类、含酶抑制剂的β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类.其中第3代头孢菌素的用药频度最高.金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素、红霉素、头孢唑啉耐药率均＞60％;对磺胺甲（恶）唑敏感性较好.溶血葡萄球菌和屎肠球菌对多数抗菌药物耐药性均较高,且对万古霉素有耐药性.大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌对阿米卡星、头孢哌酮和美罗培南的敏感性较好.革兰阳性杆菌和革兰阴性杆菌总的耐药率与常用的抗菌药物的用药频度有较强的线性关系（革兰阴性杆菌：r =0.903、P＜0.05;革兰阳性杆菌：r=0.926、P ＜0.05）.结论 细菌耐药性与抗菌药物的用药频度有线性关系.临床使用抗菌药物应严格合理,加强抗菌药物使用的监管和细菌耐药的监测,延缓细菌耐药性的产生.
Objective To explore the correlations between the kind and frequency of antimicrobial drugs with hospital bacterial resistance rates. Methods The kind and consumption of antimicrobial drugs from January 2010 to December 2012 were collected from the hospital management information system. The specimens were all sent for bacterial isolation, inoculation and culture to perform sensitivity test, and the rate of baeterial resistance was obtained. The frcquency of various types of antimicrobial drugs and common bacterial resistance rate was ana- lyzed and their correlation was assessed. Results The use of antimicrobial drugs increased every year; the top four was cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, enzyme inhibitors β-lactams and macrolides, among them the third generation cephalosporins had the highest frequency. The resistance rate of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis to penicillin were 〉 60% , erythromycin and ccfazolin, but with good sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole. The drug resistances of hemolytic staphylococci and enterococcus faecalis were high to most of the antimicrobial drugs, including vancomycin. Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to amikacin, cefoperazone and meropenem. There was a strong linear relation between total resistance rates and frequency of antimicrohial drugs fi）r G ~ Bacillus [ r = 0. 903, P 〈 0.05 ] and G- Bacillus [ r = 0. 926, P 〈 0.05 ） ]. Conclusions Bacterial resistance was linearly related with frequency of antimierobial drugs. Clinical use of antimicrobial drugs should be reasonable and the supervision of antimicrobial drugs should be strengthened to slow the resistance.
出处
《中国医药》
2015年第4期562-565,共4页
China Medicine
关键词
抗菌药物
用药频度
细菌耐药率
Antimierobial drugs
Frequency of medication
Bacterial resistance rates
