摘要
德国宪法法院用案例法的形式规定了宪法进入民事领域的四种情形:即当民事案件涉及民法一般条款;涉及普通法律无法规范的基本权利;现行民法无法适应现实生活;私主体权利实现需要国家积极作为等。这不仅从规范层面上解决了宪法第三人效力问题,更从实践层面上解决了宪法诉讼与民事诉讼的衔接问题,同时也约束了民事法院法官的法律解释权。在我国,宪法与民法关系问题的讨论也分为规范和实践两个层面:在规范层面上,探讨宪法基本权利效力、宪法与民法在法律体系上的关系;在实践层面上,探讨民事立法中的宪法标准问题、民事司法中的宪法适用问题。宪法与民法在法律体系上的关系指导民事立法中宪法问题的解决,宪法基本权利效力指导民事司法中的宪法适用。以案例为基础,更能了解中国与德国在民事司法中宪法适用的差别,更能理解为何我国宪法并没有能真正调控民法,但在现实中,相关案件的审理却又呼唤宪法对民法的引导。
German constitutional court has ruled that the constitution is to be directly applied to civil cases in the following situations when: a) civil cases involve general provisions of civil law,b) civil cases involve the basic rights that go beyond standardization of civil law,c) civil law fail to adapt to the reality,and d) the protection of private rights depends on state's action. This makes clear the effectiveness of constitution in the third party issue,and the application of the constitution to civillaw,and also regulates the civil judges' interpretation of the civil law. The relationship between the constitution and civil law in China has been discussed from two perspectives: norm and practice.While the former is about the effectiveness of the constitutional rights and the relation of the constitution to civil law in legal system,the latter is about the constitutional principles in civil legislation and the application of the constitution to civil judicature. It is evident that the civil law is always under the guidance of the constitution. Through the analyses of exemplified cases we may better understand the differences in carrying out the constitutions in China and Germany,and may more clearly see that civil law in China is never actually under the guidance of the constitution,but it should be in the trial of cases.
出处
《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第5期64-72,158-159,共9页
Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)
基金
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(13YJA820044)
南京大学"985"工程三期资助项目
