摘要
以春玉米为供试材料,以传统灌溉方式沟灌、水平畦灌为对照,研究了集雨节灌种植技术对春玉米功能叶片的相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、光合参数以及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在同期灌溉处理中,集雨节灌处理各测定时期的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）以及气孔导度（Gs）较沟灌处理分别提高10.57%-16.15%、4.10%-9.24%、15.38%-33.33%;较水平畦灌分别提高11.31%-26.19%、5.73%-13.56%、22.73%-47.37%;较沟垄集雨种植分别提高-0.12%-26.19%、0.16%-9.95%、-4.35%-25%。集雨节灌处理的相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）和瞬时水分利用效率（WUE）与沟灌、水平畦灌、沟垄集雨种植相比差异不明显。在播前灌1水条件下集雨节灌处理的产量和水分利用效率（WUEY）较沟灌、畦灌和沟垄集雨种植分别提高15.45%（P〈0.05）、21.85%（P〈0.05）、3.28%和39.82%（P〈0.05）、53.13%（P〈0.05）、4.44%,在开花期灌1水条件下分别提高7.06%、18.42%（P〈0.05）、2.32%和28.41%（P〈0.05）、39.58%（P〈0.05）、5.09%,在播前和开花期均灌1水条件下分别提高5.03%、14.57%（P〈0.05）、5.72%和40.23%（P〈0.05）、54.70%（P〈0.05）、2.99%。试验表明,集雨节灌种植技术在大幅度降低灌水量的情况下可以提高叶片的光合性能,并显著提高玉米籽粒产量。
Taking spring corn（ Zea mays L.） as the tested material,and the traditional irrigation methods（ furrow and border irrigation） as the control,a field test was conducted to determine the effects of rainfall harvesting planting combined with water-saving irrigation（ RHWI） on chlorophyll relative content（ SPAD）,photosynthetic parameters in functional leaves and grain yield of spring corn. The results showed that,among the treatments with same irrigation time,the net photosynthetic rate（ Pn）,transpiration rate（ Tr） and stomatal conductance（ Gs）of RHWI were increased by 10. 57% - 16. 15%,4. 10% - 9. 24% and 15. 38% - 33. 33%,respectively,compared with those of furrow irrigation; they were increased by 11. 31% - 26. 19%,5. 73% - 13. 56% and 22. 73%- 47. 37%,respectively,compared with those of border irrigation; and they were increased by-0. 12% - 26.19%,0. 16% - 9. 95% and-4. 35% - 25. 00%,respectively,compared with those of rainfall harvesting planting（ PRH）. There was no significant difference for the chlorophyll relative content（ SPAD） and instantaneous water use efficiency（ WUE） between RHWI and furrow irrigation,border irrigation as well as PRH. Compared with furrow irrigation,border irrigation and PRH,the yield of RHWI was increased by 15. 45%（ P 0. 05）,21. 85%（ P 0.05） and 3.28%,respectively,and the water use efficiency（ WUEY） of RHWI was increased by 39.82%（ P 0.05）,53.13%（ P 0.05） and 4.44%,respectively,under the condition of irrigating 1 time at pre-sowing stage; the yield was increased by 7. 06%,18. 42%（ P 0. 05） and 2. 32%,respectively,and the water use efficiency（ WUEY） was increased by 28.41%（ P 0.05）,39.58%（ P 0.05） and 5.09%,respectively,under the condition of irrigating 1 time at flowering stage; the yield was increased by 5. 03%,14. 57%（ P 0. 05） and 5.72%,respectively,and the water use efficiency（ WUEY） was increased by 40.23%（ P 0.05）,54.70%（ P 0.05） and 2. 99%,respectively,under the condition of irrigating 1 time at pre-sowing stage and 1 time at flowering stage. It was concluded that RHWI could improve the leaf photosynthetic performance,and significantly promote the grain yield of corn under the condition of less irrigation volume.
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期78-84,共7页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD09B03
2011BAD29B09)
国家863课题(2013AA102902
2011AA100504)
公益性行业专项(201303104)
陕西科技创新项目(2011NXC01-16)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31201156)
西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费(QN2013005)
关键词
春玉米
集雨节灌
光合特性
相对叶绿素含量
产量
spring corn rainfall harvesting planting combined with water-saving irrigation photosynthetic characteristics chlorophyll relative content yield
作者简介
陈馨（1987-），女，陕西延安人，硕士研究生，研究方向为旱地节水农业。E-mail：15829722437@163．com。
通信作者：贾志宽（1962-），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为旱区农业水分高效利用。E-mail：jiazhk@126．com
