摘要
北美在海相页岩油气的勘探开发中已获得巨大成功,研究表明,页岩油和页岩气形成条件和赋存状态虽然具有较多的共性,但也存在一定差异。共性为二者均呈"连续型"分布于沉积盆地的斜坡和中心带,具有工业开采价值的页岩油气均产自有机质丰度高、脆性矿物含量高、存在异常高压的页岩地层。两者的差异性表现在页岩气的产生具有多源性和多阶性,即页岩气既可来自Ⅰ-Ⅱ型有机质,也可来自Ⅲ型有机质,但页岩油主要来自Ⅰ-Ⅱ型有机质;页岩气可形成于有机质成熟作用的任何阶段,但页岩油是有机质处于成熟阶段的产物。由于页岩油和页岩气分子直径和结构的差异导致两者在页岩中的赋存状态和开采机制存在一定差别。勘探实践表明,中国陆相盆地存在着丰富的页岩油气资源,如何利用这些资源,有针对性地研究其勘探开发技术,是我国页岩油气勘探开发面临的重要问题。
The successful practice for shale gas/oil exploration and development in North American marine shale areas show that, there are not only many similarities, but also some differences in formation conditions and existence states between shale oil and shale gas. The common characteristics of shale oil and shale gas are that shale oil and shale gas are all accumulated in slope or syncline areas of basin, in the form of ＂continuously reservoir＂, and that commercial value shale oil and commercial value shale gas are all found in high organic materials content, high brittle mineral amount, and abnormal high fluid pressures shale strata. The main difference between shale gas and shale oil is that the shale gas has more origins and more generation stages than shale oil. The shale gas can generate from all type of kerogens, which inclues type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type m, while the shale oil only gen-erate form kerogens of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ. The shale gas can form in all stages of organic material thermal evolution, while the shale oil can form only in ＂oil window＂ stage. Molecular diameter and structure differences between gas and oil also affect factors determining the existing state differences between shale gas and shale oil, and these differences require different exploitation methods to be taken for shale gas and for shale oil. It is convinced by exploration practice that there are great amount of shale gas and shale oil in continental basins of China. However, how to take or develop effective methods aiming at these resources is a critical problem for further shale gas/oil ex- ploration and exploitation in China.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第6期700-711,共12页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"湖相页岩气形成条件研究"(编号:41072096)和"湖相页岩油可动性基本地质条件研究"(编号:41372129)资助
关键词
含油气性
成熟度
储集空间
赋存状态
形成条件
Oil/gas potential
Maturity
Reservoir space
Existence state
Forming condition.
作者简介
张林晔（1955-），女，山东聊城人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事石油地质与油气地球化学研究．E-mail：zhaninye2006@163．com
