摘要
在介绍国内外钢轨闪光焊现状的基础上,从宏观形貌、微观组织和力学方面比较钢轨焊态接头和正火热处理接头性能。从焊态接头静弯试验、宏观、微观3个方面,介绍EN 14587 (所有部分)《铁路应用轨道钢轨的闪光对接焊》对接头的检验要求。从正火热处理接头落锤试验、宏观、微观3个方面,介绍TB/T 1632.2—2014《钢轨焊接第2部分:闪光焊接》对接头的检验要求。通过对2项标准的分析对比认为,欧洲标准中的静弯试验检验方法和指标制定得较为合理,但试验时需要设定温度范围,才能保证试验结果可靠;我国标准中的落锤试验检验结果与试件温度关系密切,试验时达到上限温度,试验结果更容易通过;我国标准中的静弯指标偏低,应适当调整;欧洲标准要求R350HT焊接接头不允许存在马氏体,实际很难避免,建议通过限制马氏体数量来控制接头质量;我国标准中的微观组织检验方法和指标建立在热处理接头条件下,出现马氏体的概率很低,制定得较为合理。
By introducing the status quo of rail flash welding both at home and abroad,the article compares the per-formance of welded joint and normalized joint in terms of macroscopic macro-profile, microstructure and mechanics.Based on such three aspects as static bending test on welded joint,macroscopic view and microscopic view, it intro-duces the joint inspection requirements specified in EN 14587(all parts) Railway applications-Track-Flash Butt Welding of Rails. Based on such three aspects as falling weight test on normalized joint, macroscopic view and micro-scopic view,it introduces the joint inspection requirements specified in TB/T 1632.2-2014 Welding of Rails-Part2:Flash Butt Welding. According to the analysis and comparison of these two standards,the static bending testmethod and the indicators that are developed in the European standard is relatively rational. However, reliable test re-sults can be guaranteed only when a required temperature range is set. In the domestic standard,the falling weighttest results are closely related to the temperature of the test piece. The test results can be qualified more easily whenreaching the upper temperature limit during the test. The static bending indicators are relatively low in the domesticstandard,which shall be adjusted properly. The European standard requires that R350 HT welded joint is free of mar-tensite,which is actually very difficult to avoid. Therefore,it is suggested to control the joint quality by limiting thequantity of martensite. The microstructure test method and indicators that are specified in the domestic standard arebased on heat-treated joint, with a very low possibility for the existence of martensite,thus relatively rational.
作者
丁韦
高振坤
宋宏图
毛昆朋
张琪
Ding Wei;Gao Zhenkun;Song Hongtu;Mao Kunpeng;Zhang Qi
出处
《铁道技术监督》
2019年第1期3-7,共5页
Railway Quality Control
基金
中国铁道科学研究院基金资助项目(2015YJ072)
关键词
钢轨焊接
闪光焊
标准
静弯试验
落锤试验
对比
欧洲
中国
Rail Welding
Flash Welding
Standard
Static Bending Test
Falling Weight Test
Compare
Europe
China
作者简介
丁韦,研究员;高振坤,副研究员;宋宏图,副研究员;毛昆朋,副研究员;张琪,助理研究员.
