摘要
当代世界的语言传播背景已经从战争殖民侵略的霸权扩张时代转变为经济文化交流的和平竞争时代。在主观和客观、推力和拉力等诸多层面、诸多因素的共同作用下,在前一时代,汉语的传播模式是"向国外移民+外国人到华学习",汉语传播的范围也基本上是局限于陆地上的临近区域,汉语是典型的陆地型语言;而在后一时代的当下,汉语的传播模式转变为"向国外移民+外国人到华学习+推动汉语国际化",汉语传播的范围开始遍布全世界,汉语从而具备了陆地-海洋型语言的雏形。从陆地型语言向陆地-海洋型语言的转型注定是困难多多、挑战重重。当今世界已步入秩序重建的新时代,世界语言格局也开始进入了一个秩序重建的新时期。重新定位汉语在当今世界语言格局中的位置和地位,揭示汉语已具备陆地-海洋型语言雏形的事实,有助于未来汉语国际传播政策和规划的制定,也有助于对具有全球性语言潜质的汉语的未来加以谋划。
The background of language communication in the contemorary world has changed from the era of hegemonic expansion of war and colonial aggression to the era of peaceful competition of economic and cultural exchanges.Under the joint action of multilevel factors,such as the subjective vs.the objective,thrust vs.pull,etc.,the mode of Chinese communication in the previous era was featured by"migration to foreign countries+foreigners coming to study in China",thus the spread of Chinese was basically confined to the adjacent areas on land,making Chinese a typical land-based language.And now in the new era,the mode of Chinese communication has changed to "migration to foreign countries+foreigners coming to study in China+promoting the internationalization of Chinese";Chinese has begun to spread all over the world,with the Chinese language taking the embryonic form of a land-marine-based language.The transition from land-based language to land-marine-based language is destined to be be difficult and challenging.The world has entered a new era of order reconstruction;so has the world language pattern.Repositioning Chinese in the present world language pattern and revealing the fact that Chinese has the rudiments of a land-and-marine-based language will contribute to the formulation of policies and plans for the international dissemination of Chinese in the future,as well as planning for the future of Chinese as a language with the potential for a global language.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期3-19,共17页
Chinese Teaching in the World
关键词
汉语
陆地型语言
陆地-海洋型语言
推力
拉力
全球性语言
Chinese
land-based language
land-and-marine-based language
thrust
pull
global language
作者简介
王眷辉,首都师范大学国际文化学院教授。主要研究方向为汉语国际传播、语言政策与规划、汉语句法语义、语言社会学等。发表论文50余篇,著有《语言与社会的界面:宏观与微观》(2017)等学术专著。[Email:friendwch@126.com]
