摘要
新自由主义利用了三种理性模式。第一种是手段—目的理性,即韦伯所谓的工具理性,这种理性在当代最为有力的理论表述是"理性选择理论"。第二种模式是以博弈论为代表的功能主义理性,在这种理性中,系统的所谓逻辑及其变化的速度超出了个人的意图,任何人都没有能力通过谨慎地选择有效手段去控制它。第三种模式是一种更为行政性的理性的残留,在治理术的技艺中,或者在积极的干预中得到简接的表达,以"奥尔多自由主义"为代表。上述三种类型的理性所构成的新自由主义理性空间把沟通理性排斥在外。沟通理性主张把规范性的和认知性的问题相结合,让经济学回到日常生活世界的背景中,它所寻求的不是操控或妥协,而是在更好论证的基础上达成意见一致。为了防止新自由主义将世界带入危险境地,必须恢复沟通理性和其他形式的理性之间的平衡。
American conservatives now espouse an aggressive market fundamentalism that decreases governmental regulation, excessive taxation, and public welfare expenditures, which elsewhere is normally known as neo-liberalism. One way to distinguish between what traditionally has been understood as conservatism and the neo-liberalism of the current American right is to focus on contrasting attitudes towards rationality. At times, neo-liberalism promotes instrumental rationality. At other times, it endorses a functionalist rationality in which the alleged logic of the system and the velocity of its transformations exceed individual intention. Finally, at other times there are residues of a more administrative rationality expressed indirectly in techniques of governmentality. To prevent neo-liberalism from dominating the world, the space of reasons has to be opened up and refuses to be subordinated to the rationalities of the neo-liberal imaginary, whether that of instrumental reason, functional reason or governmentality, and communicative rationality has to play an important role in that space.
出处
《哲学分析》
2013年第6期104-115,共12页
Philosophical Analysis
关键词
新自由主义
理性空间
沟通理性
治理术
博弈论
理性选择
neo-liberalism
space of reasons
communicative rationality
governmentality
game theory
rational choice
作者简介
马丁·杰伊（MartinJay），教授。
副研究员
