摘要
为探明不同时期的干旱对玉米生长发育及产量的影响,以‘浚单20’为试验材料,分别在拔节—抽穗期和抽穗—乳熟期进行水分控制处理,令土壤水分分别控制在田间持水量的40%(重旱)和60%(轻旱),以自然生长(CK1)为对照,分析了不同发育阶段不同程度的干旱对玉米生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:不同时期的干旱对玉米的生长发育有抑制作用,具体表现为株高变矮,叶面积降低,干物重减少,玉米各个产量构成因素(穗长、穗粒数、百粒重等)在受旱时都呈下降趋势。与自然生长(CK1)相比,拔节—抽穗期遭受重旱(G1)的玉米,生长至乳熟期,株高偏低26.1%,叶面积下降30.9%,果穗长、穗粒数、百粒重分别下降27.6%、46.5%和8.7%;抽穗—乳熟期遭受重旱(G3)的玉米,生长至乳熟期,株高偏低21.7%,叶面积下降23.6%,果穗长、穗粒数、百粒重分别下降36.1%、60.5%和30.2%。说明干旱是制约玉米高产的一个关键因子,特别是抽穗—乳熟期遭受重旱,玉米产量降幅更大。
The objective of the experiment was to clarify the effect of drought on the growth and yield of maize at different stage, maize cuhivar （＇ Xundan 20＇） were grew in fields, for water control processing in jointing to heading stage and heading to milk stage. To control soil moisture in the field, respectively is 40% （severe drought） of water holding capacity and 60% （light drought）, with natural growth （CK1） for comparison, analysis of the different development stages of different degrees of drought on maize growth and yield influence. The results indicated that, different periods of drought had a negative effect on the growth of maize, for example, shorter plant height and smaller leaf area and reduced dry matter weight. The maize ear length, grain number per ear and 100-kernel weight reduced at different periods of drought. Compared with the CK1, when the maize suffered severe drought from jointing to heading periods, the plant height and leaf area at milk ripe stage decreased by 26.1% and 30.9%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear and 100-kernel weight decreased by 27.6%, 46.5% and 8.7%. When the maize suffered severe drought from heading to milk ripe periods, the plant height and leaf area at milk ripe stage decreased by 21.7% and 23.6%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear and 100-kernel weight decreased by36.1%, 60.5% and 30.2%. Drought was a key factor that restricted the maize yield. The severe drought from heading to milk ripe stage would seriously decrease the yield of maize.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2013年第36期232-235,共4页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项资助项目"夏玉米高产稳产气象保障关键技术研究"(GYHY201006041)
关键词
玉米
干旱
拔节期
抽穗期
产量
maize
drought
jointing stage
heading stage
yield
作者简介
姜鹏，男，1977年出生，山东乳山人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事中短期气候预测工作。通信地址：250031山东省济南市天桥区无影山路12号山东省气象台，Tel：053I-81603743，E-mail：knut26@126．com。
通讯作者：李曼华，女，1978年出生，甘肃武都人，高工，硕士，主要从事农业气象情报预报工作。通信地址：250031山东省济南市天桥区无影山路12号山东省气候中心农气室，Tel：0531-81603627，E-mail：leehuar@126．com。
