摘要
一个国家的崛起,根本上是思想的崛起,特别是理论的发展完善程度,对于一个国家能否真正实现崛起具有决定性作用。在美国的崛起过程中,思想动力和智力支持都是一个不可缺少的因素。最初,美国对崛起的理论准备,是紧紧围绕美国面临的现实政策问题而展开的。围绕"如何处理美国与世界的关系"问题,美国提出了与国内政治哲学相一致的国际政治哲学,确立了推动建立以自由民主原则为基础的新美利坚帝国外交大战略,形成了一个内部充满竞争又有机统一的美国国际关系理论体系。尤其是美国战略界关于国际管制模式的现实主义理论设计,以摩根索、凯南、基辛格、布热津斯基等人为代表的一批国际战略家敢于直面美国国际政治现实,从美国大战略的高度为美国规划未来,为美国崛起提供了强大的智力支持。同时,美国将理论研究纳入制度化轨道,先后建立了公共智库制度、情报制度和政策顾问制度,为美国理论的战略与政策转化提供了可靠的支点。因此,美国的经验在于一个大国崛起,必须在国内和国际问题上确立一个内在价值和外在制度相一致的大战略理论及其制度体系,使之成为世界强国的理论支柱。
The rise of a nation is the rise of ideas to the final analysis, and especially, the extent to which theories improve, will determine whether a nation can really rise or not. In the case of the United States, both the drive of ideas and the intelligent support are indispensable to its rise. The U.S. theoretical preparation for its rise was first unraveled around the realistic policy issues confronting America. To answer the issue 'how to handle the U.S. relations with the world', the U.S. had put forward the international political philosophy in consistency with its domestic political philosophy, which established the diplomatic grand strategy of the new American empire that pushed for the principle of freedom and democracy, and formed the American system of IR theories full of competition within and organically unified without. Especially, the U.S. strategists' community had designed the realist theory about a model of international regulation: a bunch of international strategists headed by Hans Mogenthau, George Kennan, Henry Kissinger, and Zbigniew Brzezinski were encouraged to face up to the U.S. international political reality and planned for the future of America on the height of the American grand strategy that provided the rise of America with a powerful intelligent support. At the same time, the U.S. had institutionalized the theoretic research by having established the public think tanks, intelligence agencies, and policy advisers, which provided the U.S. strategic theory and policy transformation with a reliable pivot. Therefore, the American experience tells a truth that the rise of a power must be prepared with a grand strategic theory and institutional system that are coherent with its inherent values and its outer system concerning domestic and international issues, and become the theoretical pillar of a world power.
出处
《国际展望》
2013年第6期47-64,152,共18页
Global Review
作者简介
赵可金，清华大学国际关系学系副主任、副教授
