摘要
目的:采用16个刚体39个自由度的环节链多刚体模型,以多刚体动力学的Kane法计算身体各关节的受力情况,明确手工提放操作的运动学与动力学机理,优化手工操作技术。方法:Vicon运动分析系统与Kistler测力台同步,40名男大学生在BTE PrimusRS系统上进行两次手工提放重物能力测试,尽力持续至疲劳;频率12次/min,木箱重13 kg,蹲举与半蹲举交替,间歇30 min;记录人体各环节的运动学与足底受力参数,据多刚体系统动力学理论以逆向动力学法计算各关节的受力。结果:与半蹲举相比,蹲举因增加了下肢部的转动幅度,相对减少了躯干部的转动幅度;使腰骶部承受的不平衡力与切力峰值降低,转化为下肢部承受的不平衡力与切力峰值增加。半蹲举承受的切力集中在下背部,而蹲举切力分散至上背与下背部,半蹲举切力的增大要高于蹲举压力的增大。结论:与半蹲举相比,蹲举是一种优势的手工操作技术。
Objective ： To identify the kinematics and kinetics of manual handing and optimize the manual handling technique, the model of 16-segment kinetic chain with 39 degree of freedom was adopted, and force variation act- ing on each joint was calculated by Kane method. Methods ： Forty male college students were recruited. Vicon mo- tion capture systems and Kistler muhicomponent force plate were synchronized. The subjects repeated twice the test of repetitive lifting and lowering capacity in BTE PrimusRs system to practice until fatigue. The frequency was 12 lifts/rain, wooden box was 13 kg, squat and semi-squat were undertaken by turns, and the interval was 30 mi- nutes. Kinematic parameters of the demic segments and plantar force were recorded. According to the dynamics theory of multi-rigid-body system and the inverse dynamics methods, force variation acting at each joint was ana- lyzed. Results ： Compared with semi-squat, squat decreased the rotation range of trunk relatively due to increasing the rotation range of lower limbs. It led to the reduction of the peak value of unbalance and shearing force in lum- bosacral region, which turned into the increase of the peak value of unbalance and shearing force in lower limbs. The shearing force concentrated upon low back when taking semi-squat, while the force dispersed on upper back and low back when taking squat. The accretion of shearing force from the semi-squat was larger than the accretion of pressure from the squat. Conclusion： Compared with the semi-squat, squat is a predominant manual handling technique.
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第11期75-80,共6页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
中国标准化研究院中央基本科研业务费支持项目--"工效学基础数据采集及评价方法研究"(项目编号:52096S-1827)
"人体运动生物力学参数测量比对"(项目编号:1208022)
关键词
手工操作技术
腰骶关节
生物力学分析
人体多刚体模型
逆向动力学
manual handling technique
lumbosacral articulation
biomechanical analysis
rigid multi-body mod-el of human body
inverse dynamics
作者简介
徐红旗，讲师，博士，研究方向运动生物力学。
